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Master in Ancient Languages and Literatures: Classics [120.0]

AnnéesTravail de fin d'étude


Retour en début de pageStudy objectives

On completing the Master in Ancient Languages and Literatures : Classics, students :

In addition, depending on the focus selected, students :
* will have received training in academic research in the area of classical philology ;
* will have acquired the teaching skills necessary to teach Greek and Latin ;
* will have gained professional skills in the field of library studies.


Retour en début de pageGeneral presentation of the programme

The programme is made up of :
 ♦ core courses (75 credits), made up of :
- 30 course credits in Greek and Latin language and literature;
- 28 dissertation credits and 2 credits for the accompanying seminar;
- 15 credits in comparativism;
 ♦ one focus (30 credits);
 ♦ one option or optional courses (15 credits).

Wathever the focus or the options chosen, the programme of this master shall totalise 120 credits, spread over two years of studies each of 60 credits

Core courses

One focus from the following :

Options or optional courses


Retour en début de pagePositioning of the programme

Further Studies
at the end of the master 120, each focus in the Master in Ancient Languages and Literature: Classics, can be obtained in a new year of 30 credits only.

Accessible doctoral training :
'Ecole Doctorale en Langues et Lettres'


Admission
Student must hold a first level university degree.

Provide proof of a sufficient level in French (B1 of the European Framework of Reference )

Student must prove skills in the following subjects :
⇒ Introduction aux études classiques;
⇒ Civilisations de l’antiquité (philosophie, histoire et archéologie);
⇒ Langue et littérature grecques;
⇒ Langue et littérature latines;
⇒ Philosophie;
⇒ Histoire et critique historique;
⇒ Théorie linguistique et littéraire;
⇒ Langues et littératures modernes.

If the student does not have enough training in one or several of these subjects, prerequisites will be added to the masters programme (maximum 15 credits).

If the total number of prerequisites exceeds 15 credits, access to the master is subject to the student passing an additional year, the programme of which is established based on the student's file.

Course equivalences are submitted for approval to the chairman of the jury, the secretary of the jury and the academic faculty secretary.


University Bachelors
Diploma Special Requirements Access Remarks
UCL Bachelors
Bachelor in Ancient languages and Literatures : Classics [180.0]   Direct access  
Bachelor in Ancient Languages and Literatures: Oriental Studies [180.0] If student has taken the Minor in Latin Studies [30.0] and has chosen courses of greek language and literature   Direct access With 15 credits prerequisites integrated into the masters programme  
Bachelor in Ancient and Modern Languages and Literatures [180.0] If student has taken the Minor in Greek Studies [30.0]   Direct access With 15 credits prerequisites integrated into the masters programme  
Other Bachelor If student has taken one of the following minors :
Minor in Latin Studies [30.0]
Minor in Greek Studies [30.0]  
Access with additional training Additional training to be determined depending on the programme followed  
Belgian Bachelors of the French speaking Community
Bachelor in Ancient languages and Literatures : Classics   Direct access  
Belgian Bachelors of the Dutch speaking Community
Academische Bachelor in Taal- en letterkunde (grec/latin)   Direct access  
Academische Bachelor in Taal- en letterkunde (latin/…)   Access with additional training Additional training to be determined depending on the programme followed  
Academische Bachelor in Taal- en letterkunde (grec/…)   Access with additional training Additional training to be determined depending on the programme followed  
Foreign Bachelors
Foreign Bachelor   On the file: direct access or access with additional training Additional training to be determined depending on the programme followed  

Non university Bachelors
Diploma Access Remarks
> Find out more about links to the university
Not relevant for this Master.
 

Holders of a 2nd cycle University degree
Diploma Special Requirements Access Remarks
"Licenciés"
 
Holder of a "Licence" in Ancient Languages and Literatures   Direct access An exemption of a maximum volume of 60 credits can be granted  
Licencié en sciences humaines   Access with additional training Compléments de formation à déterminer selon le programme suivi  
Masters
 
Master [60] of arts in Ancient Languages and Literatures: Classics [60.0]   Direct access An exemption of a maximum volume of 60 credits can be granted  
Master [120] of arts in Ancient Languages and Literatures: Oriental Studies [120.0]   On the file: direct access or access with additional training Additional training to be determined depending on the programme  
Master [60] of arts in Ancient and Modern Languages and Literatures [60.0]   Access with additional training Additional training to be determined depending on the programme followed  
Other Master in Arts and Letters   On the file: direct access or access with additional training Additional training to be determined depending on the programme followed  

Holders of a non-University 2nd cycle degree
Diploma Access Remarks
> Find out more about links to the university
Not relevant for this Master.
 

Adults taking up their university training
> See the website www.uclouvain.be/vae

Personalized access
Reminder : all Masters (apart from Advanced Masters) are also accessible on file.

Admission and Enrolment Procedures for general registration

See the general admission requirements



Contacts

Curriculum management 

Useful contacts



Teaching method

Retour en début de pageStrong points of the pedagogical approach

The different pathways offered in the programme (focuses and many options) give the student the chance to gear his training towards his skills and interests and thus acquire relative autonomy in his training. The different modules on the programme offer a coherent set of courses.

Most courses on the programme implement interactive pedagogy, inspired by the project 'gérer sa formation' or 'manage your training' (student autonomy guaranteed thanks to new ICT resources , e-learning, teaching teams, practice of oral and written communication, etc). The programme familiarises the student will new resources and methods.

Retour en début de pageEvaluation

Written and oral exams measure knowledge acquired as well as the student's know-how and communication skills. Some subjects, geared towards the development of research skills and personal criticism, are the subject of presentations and discussions spread across the year (permanent evaluation).

Courses are evaluated according to current university regulations (see General Examination Regulations). Students may find further information on specific evaluation methods in the course descriptions.



Mobility and/or international links
If the Erasmus exchanges normally take part in the 3rd year of the bachelor, students on the master 120 can take 30 credits in other university institutions in Belgium (courses in Greek or Latin langauge and literature can be borrowed from the KULeuven programme, in line with the UCL-KULeuven agreement) or abroad and/or undertake internships in Belgium or abroad (as part of their end of study dissertation and/or focus).

For example :

For more information :

Information on Erasmus exchange : http://www.uclouvain.be/17371.html



Core courses
Legend
Mandatory Optional
Courses not taught this academic year Periodic courses not taught this academic year
Periodic courses taught this academic year Two year courses

Click on the course code to see detailed informations (objectives, methods, evaluation...)
Year
1 2

MandatoryDissertation and dissertation seminar (30credits)
Mandatory LCLAS2891

Dissertation (Part 1)  (in French) N.   3credits    x  
Mandatory LCLAS2892

Dissertation (Part 2)  (in French) N.   25credits      x
Mandatory LCLAS2890

Dissertation seminar  (in French) N. 15h  2credits    x  

MandatoryGreek and Latin languages and literatures (30credits)
Mandatory LGLOR2441

Thorough Study of Greek Authors  Anne-Marie Doyen 45h  5credits  1+2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Mandatory LGLOR2541

Questions of Greek Literature  Charles Doyen 30h  5credits  1qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Mandatory LGLOR2270

Greek Language III  Herman Seldeslachts 30h  5credits  1+2q  x  
Mandatory LGLOR2432

Thorough Study of Latin authors  Paul Deproost 45h  5credits  1+2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Mandatory LGLOR2531

Questions of Latine Literature  Alain Meurant 30h  5credits  1+2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Mandatory LGLOR2240

Latin Language III  Lambert Isebaert 30h  5credits  1+2q  x  

MandatoryComparativism (15credits)
Mandatory LGLOR2802

Indo-European Comparative Linguistics  Lambert Isebaert 30h  5credits  1+2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Mandatory LGLOR2390

Typology and permanence of mythical imagineries  Ralph Dekoninck, Myriam Delmotte, Paul Deproost (coord.), Alain Meurant, Claude Obsomer, Brigitte Van Wymeersch 30h  5credits  1qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Mandatory LGLOR2204

Seminar : Theory and Practice of Literary Translation (applied to Ancient Languages)  N. 30h  5credits  Periodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
 


Focuses
The student chooses one of the following focuses :  

Research Focus [30.0]
This focus provides an opportunity for advanced study of two classical languages. Individual assignments, seminars and courses, closely related to your research project, will provide you with an introduction to the work of a researcher.
Legend
Mandatory Optional
Courses not taught this academic year Periodic courses not taught this academic year
Periodic courses taught this academic year Two year courses

Click on the course code to see detailed informations (objectives, methods, evaluation...)
Year
1 2

MandatoryLinguistics and Literature
At least 10 credits from :
Optional LGLOR2272

Special Issues in Greek Linguistics  Lambert Isebaert 30h  5credits  1+2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGLOR2242

Special Issues in Latin Linguistics  Lambert Isebaert 30h  5credits  1+2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGLOR2442

Greek Authors : Hellenistic and Roman Periods  Anne-Marie Doyen 45h  5credits  1+2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGLOR2431

Latin Authors : Late Antiquity  Paul Deproost 45h  5credits  1+2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x

MandatorySpecialized module
Le solde des crédits parmi :

OptionalHistory of Greek
Optional LGLOR2781

Biblical Greek  Jean-Marie Auwers 30h + 15h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGLOR2782

Biblical Greek  Jean-Marie Auwers 30h + 15h  5credits  Periodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGLOR2791

Byzantine Greek  Bernard Coulie 30h + 15h  5credits  1+2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGLOR2792

Byzantine Greek  Bernard Coulie 30h + 15h  5credits  Periodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGLOR2523

Questions of Byzantine History  Bernard Coulie 30h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGREC1100

Greek - Elementary level
(If this course was not taken during the first cycle.)  (in French)
Panagiotis Chrysanthopoulos 90h  5credits  1+2q  x x
Optional LGREC1300

Greek - Intermediate level
(If this course was not taken during the first cycle.)  (in French)
Panagiotis Chrysanthopoulos 90h  5credits  1+2q  x x
Optional LGREC1500

Greek - Advanced level  (in French) Panagiotis Chrysanthopoulos 90h  5credits  1+2q  x x

OptionalHistory of Latin
Optional LGLOR2503

Vulgar and Medieval Latin Linguistics  Lambert Isebaert 30h  5credits  1qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGLOR2502

History of Medieval Latin literature  Paul Deproost 30h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGLOR2501

Latin Authors : Middle Age and Renaissance  Paul Deproost 30h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LFLTR2150

History of Humanism   Agnès Guiderdoni (coord.), Aline Smeesters 22.5h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGLOR2507

Neolatijn : taal en literatuur (KULeuven)  (in French) N. 39h  5credits    x x

OptionalAuxiliary sciences
Optional LGLOR2172

Greek Palaeography  N. 15h  5credits  Periodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGLOR2171

Latin Palaeography  Baudouin Van den Abeele 15h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LGLOR2504

Methods of text editing  N. 30h  5credits  Periodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LHIST2210

Codicology  Jacques Pijcke 15h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x

OptionalA course on papyrology to be followed in another university (5credits)
 


Teaching Focus [30.0]
Legend
Mandatory Optional
Courses not taught this academic year Periodic courses not taught this academic year
Periodic courses taught this academic year Two year courses

Click on the course code to see detailed informations (objectives, methods, evaluation...)
Year
1 2

MandatoryA) Placements in an educational environment
Mandatory LGLOR9001

Observation and teaching practice : ancient languages and literatures
(The 50 hours of work placement are spread equally over the two years of the Master programme but will be accredited in the second year.)  (in French)
N. 50h  6credits    x x

MandatoryB) Disciplinary courses and seminars

MandatoryTeacher training in the discipline
Mandatory LGLOR2540

Didactics of Ancient Languages, Reflections on School Programs and Scientific Communication  Alain Meurant 75h  7credits  1+2q  x x

MandatoryAnalysing teaching practices and their context
Mandatory LGLOR2550

Theory and Analysis of Teaching Procedures in Ancient Languages and Literatures
(The practice analysis exercises, which are based on supervision and review of the placements, are spread over the two years of the Master programme but will be accredited in the second year.) 
Alain Meurant 30h  4credits  2q  x x

MandatoryC) Cross-disciplinary courses and seminars
Mandatory LAGRE2020

To understand the adolescent in school situation, to manage the interpersonal relationship and to animate the class group  (in French) Anne Chevalier, Ann d'Alcantara, Bernard Demuysere, Christian Lannoye, Pierre Meurens, Pascale Steyns, Philippe van Meerbeeck, Marie-Cécile Wagner (coord.) 22.5h + 22.5h  4credits    x x
Mandatory LAGRE2120

The school institution and its context  (in French) Dominique Grootaers, Christian Lannoye (coord.), Caroline Letor 22.5h + 25h  4credits    x x
Mandatory LAGRE2220

General didactics and education to interdisciplinarity  (in French) Ghislain Carlier, Marie-Laurence De Keersmaecker, Myriam De Kesel (coord.), Jean-Louis Dufays, Philippe Parmentier, Marc Romainville, Bernadette Wiame 22.5h + 15h  3credits    x x
Mandatory LAGRE2400

See specifications in french  (in French) Michel Dupuis, Anne Ghysselinckx (coord.) 20h  2credits    x x
 


Professional Focus in Library studies and [30.0]
Legend
Mandatory Optional
Courses not taught this academic year Periodic courses not taught this academic year
Periodic courses taught this academic year Two year courses

Click on the course code to see detailed informations (objectives, methods, evaluation...)
Year
1 2
Mandatory LCLIB2001

Publishing : publishing techniques and software  Olivier Comanne 15h  5credits  1q  x x
Mandatory LCLIB2002

Techniques of bookshop management  Philippe Goffe 15h  5credits  1q  x x
Mandatory LCLIB2121

Issues in the sociology of books, including children's books   Jean-Louis Tilleuil 22.5h  5credits  1q  x x
Mandatory LCLIB2140

Books and graphic design  Sofiane Laghouati 15h  5credits  2q  x x
Mandatory LFLTR2280

History of book and reading  (in French) Ralph Dekoninck, Michel Lisse 22.5h  5credits  2q  x x
Mandatory LFLTR9011

Professional Training in Library Science and Trade (library or edition)   N. 120h  5credits    x x
 



Options or optional courses
Students choose one option or option courses worth 15 credits, with the agreement of the secretary of the examining board.

Option in Teaching [15.0]
Legend
Mandatory Optional
Courses not taught this academic year Periodic courses not taught this academic year
Periodic courses taught this academic year Two year courses

Click on the course code to see detailed informations (objectives, methods, evaluation...)
Year
1 2

Option course recommended for students taking the teaching focus. Students who elect to take one or more teaching courses in another discipline (other than Latin or Greek) for the option course linked to the teaching focus will not be awarded a full qualification but may nevertheless teach these other subjects. However, as far as Latin and Greek are concerned, the full qualification will be awarded.

MandatoryPreparation and assessment of placements
This work is evenly spread over the two years of the Master programme but will be validated in the second year.
Mandatory LGLOR9002

Observation and teaching practice in ancient languages and literatures: analysis and preparation  (in French) N. 40h  5credits    x x

Mandatory10 credits chosen from :

OptionalDesign, planning and assessment of teaching and learning practices
Optional LROM2317

Seminar on research methodology for French as a foreign or second language   Luc Collès 15h  5credits  1q  x  
Optional LFLTR2640

Multimedia and teaching of languages  N. 15h + 15h  5credits  Courses not taught this academic year  x  

OptionalTeaching course for a 2nd discipline
If students choose to study teaching a 3rd language or another discipline, they are required to undertake 10 hours of placement in this language or discipline.
Optional LROM2950

Didactics and practice of spoken French as the mother tongue
(Prerequisite : minor in French studies) 
Jean-Louis Dufays 45h + 30h  7credits  1q  x x
Optional LROM2940

Didactics of French as a foreign language and interncultural studies
(Prerequisite : minor in French studies) 
Luc Collès 22.5h + 15h  5credits  1q  x x
Optional LGERM2523

Dutch as a foreign language methodology
(Prerequisite : minor in Dutch studies)  (in French)
Hilde Bosmans, Pierre Godin (coord.) 15h + 35h  5credits  1+2q  x  
Optional LGERM2521

German as a foreign language methodology
(Prerequisite : minor in German studies)  (in French)
Henri Bouillon (coord.), Caroline Klein 15h + 35h  5credits  1+2q  x  
Optional LROM2945

Didactics of Spanish
(Prerequisite : minor in Hispanic studies) 
Geneviève Fabry 7.5h + 15h  5credits  1q  x x
Optional LROM2946

Didactics of Italian
(Prerequisite : minor in Italian studies)  (in French)
Silvia Lucchini 7.5h + 15h  5credits  1q  x x
Optional LARKE2910B

Didactics of Art History and Aesthetics
(Prerequisite : minor in History of art and archaeology)  (in French)
N. 45h  5credits    x x
Optional LFILO2540B

Didactique de la philosophie
(Prerequisite : minor in philosophy) 
N. 45h  5credits    x x

OptionalOther optional courses
Optional LAGRE2310

Micro-teaching exercises  (in French) Marie-Cécile Wagner 15h  2credits    x x
Optional LAGRE2221

Learning and teaching with new technologies  (in French) Marcel Lebrun 15h + 15h  2credits    x x
 


Option in Greek and Roman Antiquities [15.0]
Legend
Mandatory Optional
Courses not taught this academic year Periodic courses not taught this academic year
Periodic courses taught this academic year Two year courses

Click on the course code to see detailed informations (objectives, methods, evaluation...)
Year
1 2

15 credits chosen from :

OptionalGreek Antiquities
Optional LHIST2381A

Governing and societies: In-depth questions I (A. Greek Antiquity)  (in French) Christophe Flament 15h  3credits  1qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LHIST2511A

In-depth questions on economic history I (Greek antiquity)  (in French) Patrick Marchetti 15h  3credits  2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LFLTR2180

Greek epigraphy   Patrick Marchetti 22.5h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LARKO2270

Numismatics : Antiquity  N. 30h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LARKO2340

Special Questions of the Archaeology of Aegean Civilisations  Jan Driessen 45h  5credits  1qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LARKO2350

Special Questions of Greek Archaeology  Jan Driessen 45h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LARKO2672

Mediterranean Seminar  Marco Cavalieri, Jan Driessen 15h  5credits  1q  x x

OptionalRoman Antiquities
Optional LARKO2270

Numismatics : Antiquity  N. 30h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LHIST2382A

Governing and societies: In-depth questions II (A. Roman Antiquity)   Françoise Van Haeperen 15h  3credits  2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LHIST2512A

In-depth questions on economic history II (Roman antiquity)  Patrick Marchetti 15h  3credits  2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LFLTR2181

Latin epigraphy   Marco Cavalieri 22.5h  5credits  1qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LARKO2360

Special questions in Etruscan and Pre-Roman civilisations of Italy  Marco Cavalieri 30h  5credits  1qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LARKO2370

Archaeology of Italy and the Roman Provinces  Marco Cavalieri 30h  5credits  1q  x x
Optional LARKO2380

Special Issues in Early Gallo-Roman Archaeology   Catherine Coquelet 30h  5credits  1qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LARKO2390

Special Issues in Late Gallo-Roman Archaeology   N. 30h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
 


Option in Greek and Roman Cultural Studies [15.0]
Legend
Mandatory Optional
Courses not taught this academic year Periodic courses not taught this academic year
Periodic courses taught this academic year Two year courses

Click on the course code to see detailed informations (objectives, methods, evaluation...)
Year
1 2

15 credits chosen from :
Optional LGLOR2911

Issues in ancient Mediterranean Religions  Charles Doyen, Alain Meurant, Claude Obsomer 30h  5credits  1qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LHIST2551A

In-depth questions I on cultural and religious history (Antiquity)  (in French) N. 15h  3credits  2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LHIST2521A

Contacts and exchanges : In-depth questions I (Antiquity)  (in French) N. 15h  3credits  2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LTHEO2341

Questions of history of christianity: Antiquity  Jean-Marie Auwers 30h  4credits  2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LTHEO2321

Questions of Patristics I  Jean-Marie Auwers, Jean-Pierre Mondet (supplée Jean-Marie Auwers) 30h  4credits  1qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LTHEO2322

Questions of Patristics II  Jean-Marie Auwers 30h  4credits  1qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LFLTR2552

History of sciences of antiquity  (in French) N. 22.5h  5credits  1qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
Optional LFILO1315

Seminar on philosophical texts by authors from the past
(If this course was not taken during the first cycle.)  (in French)
Jean-Michel Counet, Pierre Destrée 30h  3credits  2q  x x
Optional LFILO2140

Textual interpretation: St. Thomas A   Pierre Destrée 30h  5credits  2qPeriodic courses taught this academic year  x x
Optional LFILO2141

Textual interpretation: St. Thomas B  Jean-Michel Counet 30h  5credits  1qPeriodic courses not taught this academic year  x x
 


Option linked to the Professional focus in Natural Language Processing [15.0]
Legend
Mandatory Optional
Courses not taught this academic year Periodic courses not taught this academic year
Periodic courses taught this academic year Two year courses

Click on the course code to see detailed informations (objectives, methods, evaluation...)
Year
1 2

15 credits chosen from :
Optional LFLTR2620

Natural language processing  Cédrick Fairon 22.5h  5credits  1q  x x
Optional LFLTR2630

Introduction to automatic text processing  Cédrick Fairon 22.5h  5credits  2q  x x
Optional LCLIG2220

Overview of applications in NLP  Cédrick Fairon 15h  5credits  1+2q  x x
Optional LCLIG2240

Statistics for Linguistics  Yves Bestgen, Yves Bestgen (supplée Cédrick Fairon), Cédrick Fairon 30h + 15h  5credits  2q  x x
Optional LCLIG2260

Introduction to speech processing  Thierry Dutoit 22.5h  5credits  1q  x x
 


Option in Oriental Studies [15.0]
Legend
Mandatory Optional
Courses not taught this academic year Periodic courses not taught this academic year
Periodic courses taught this academic year Two year courses

Click on the course code to see detailed informations (objectives, methods, evaluation...)
Year
1 2

This option, recommended for students who have taken the minor in Oriental studies, offers a historical and philological approach to the ancient Oriental world; it includes a consistent series of courses and seminars at the level of Master in Oriental Languages, Literatures and Civilizations. Students choosing this course must gain the approval of the lecturer in charge of the programme.
 


Optional courses [15.0]
Legend
Mandatory Optional
Courses not taught this academic year Periodic courses not taught this academic year
Periodic courses taught this academic year Two year courses

Click on the course code to see detailed informations (objectives, methods, evaluation...)
Year
1 2

To be chosen from the Faculty or University programmes, with the agreement of the secretary of the examining board. Students must check with the lecturer in charge that they may follow the course(s) in question. If certain courses are available in the research focus, in the core subjects or in another option course, the credits may not exceed 6 with each of these headings. No courses may be taken from the teaching focus and/or the professional focus.