PUBLICATIONS

Livres

Guide à l'utilisation de l'éclairage artificiel en complément à l'éclairage naturel
L'éclairage naturel des bâtiments
Guide de l'architecture bioclimatique, cours fondamental : Tome 5
Guide d'aide à la construction de modèles réduits

Didacticiels

Didacticiel Velux Daylight Visualizer
Didacticiel DIALux
Didacticiel 3ds Max Design
Didacticiel Su2ds

Thèse de doctorat

Création d'un outil d'aide au choix optimisé du vitrage
Daylighting design strategies for visual comfort in Chilean classrooms
Influence of presentation modes on visual perceptions of daylit spaces


Articles publié dans des revues internationales (auteur ou co-auteur)

Global energy savings in office buildings (Energy and Buildings - 2002).
Design of a new single-patch sky and sun simulator (Lighting Research and Technology - 2006).
A Guide for Building Daylight Scale Models (Architectural Science Review - 2007).
Lighting energy savings in offices using different control systems and their real consumption (Energy and Buildings - 2008).
Validation of the Belgian single-patch sky and sun simulator (Building and Environment - 2008).
Photometry and colorimetry characterisation of materials in daylighting evaluation tools (Building and Environment - 2008).
Graphical representation of climate-based daylight performance to support architectural design (Leukos - 2008).
An intuitive daylighting performance analysis and optimization approach (Building Research and Information - 2008).

Articles présentés à des conférences (auteur ou co-auteur)

Parameters and criteria for the choice of glazing in office buildings (ASHRAE 2001)
The new Belgian single-patch sky and sun simulator and its validation (Lux Europa 2005)
A guide for the building of daylight scale models (PLEA 2006)
A web tool for the choice of daylight scale model materials (PLEA 2006)
Graphical display for annual climate-based daylight simulation (eSim 2008)
Application of the Lightsolve methodology for the pre-design of the new Belgian VELUX headquarters (BPS 2008)
The use of energy efficient lighting in dwellings Challenges and potentials (BPS 2008)
Informing daylighting design with the Lightsolve approach: why and how (PLEA2008)
Lighting efficiency in dwellings: a case study (EEDAL2009)

 


Livres

M. Bodart, A. De Herde, Guide d'aide à l'utilisation de l'éclairage artificiel en complément à l'éclairage naturel, pour un meilleur confort visuel et de substantielles économies d'énergie, Ministère de la Région Wallonne, DGTRE, Division Energie, 1999.

 

En Belgique, plus d'un tiers de l'énergie totale consommée dans les immeubles de bureaux sert à l'éclairage.
Dans ce type de bâtiments, occupés principalement en journée, d'indiscutables économies d'énergie peuvent être réalisées par une meilleure utilisation de l'éclairage naturel.
L'intégration de l'éclairage naturel ne permet pas seulement de rédure les consommations d'éclairage artificiel mais également de diminuer les apports de chaleur des lampes et donc d'abaisser les charges de refroidissement du local.
En ergonomie du travail, de nombreuses études montrent que l'amélioration du confort visuel qui résulte toujours de l'utilisation de l'éclairage naturel a également un effet bénéfique direct sur la santé et l'état d'esprit des occupants et donc sur leur productivité.
Ce guide a pour but de fournir aux architectes et aux "responsables énergie", ainsi qu'à toute personne intéressée, les éléments leur permettant d'évaluer l'éclairage et l'ambiance lumineuse d'une pièce et d'améliorer ceux-ci selon leurs désirs (diminution des consommations, amélioration du confort, création d'une ambiance particulière, ...).
Dans un premier temps, il introduit les différents paramètres physiques propres à la lumière ainsi que les objectifs à atteindre dans les divers locaux d'un immeuble de bureaux en terme de valeur et d'ambiances lumineuses.
Ensuite, il montre qu'il faut favoriser la prise en compte de la lumière naturelle dès la conception du bâtiment. En donnant un aperçu de la distribution de la lumière naturelle dans plusieurs locaux types correspondant aux modules de bureaux actuels, il met l'accent sur les paramètres qui permettent d'améliorer cette distribution.
Les deux chapitres suivants étudient, de manière approfondie, les caractéristiques des lampes et des luminaires disponibles sur le marché actuel et orientent ainsi le lecteur vers le meilleur choix de matériel pour sa situation.
Après un aperçu des différents systèmes de gestion de l'éclairage, le lecteur a, à ce stade-ci du guide, en main toutes les informations nécessaires à l'élaboration du projet dont la ligne de conduite est détaillée au chapitre 6.
Il peut enfin, s'il le souhaite, examiner l'exemple qui illustre la démarche proposée par cet ouvrage. Cet exemple est détaillé dans le dernier chapitre.

Ce guide est disponible auprès de la Région wallonne

 

 

S. Reiter, A. De Herde, L'éclairage naturel des bâtiments, Presses universitaires de Louvain, 2004

 

Le livre L'éclairage naturel des bâtiments tente de fonder concrètement l'essence de l'interaction entre la lumière naturelle et l'architecture. L'objectif de ce manuel est de donner aux architectes la méthodologie et les moyens pratiques qui leur permettent de créer des ambiances lumineuses génératrices de confort pour les occupants ainsi que d'évaluer précisément les performances de leurs projets d'éclairage dans un souci de qualité architecturale, d'économie d'énergie et de respect de l'environnement.

L'éclairage naturel des bâtiments ne relève ni du passé ni de l'avenir; c'est une constante de l'architecture. C'est pourquoi il est indispensable d'en étudier les principes et les lois qui ont, de tout temps, permis aux architectes de répondre efficacement et avec grandeur à cette problématique fondamentale en architecture. A l'heure actuelle, l'architecte dispose de méthodes de simulation et de calcul sophistiquées ainsi que de systèmes véritablement conçus et mis en oeuvre en vue d'un usage unique et précis. Ainsi, la recherche des ambiances lumineuses, qui vise à la satisfaction du confort physiologique et psychologique de l'homme, se situe à la charnière d'un savoir historique traditionnel, intégrant les données naturelles du site et de son climat, et des possibilités actuelles des sciences et des techniques.

Maîtriser la conception des ambiances lumineuses requiert donc une profonde connaissance de certains phénomènes physiques, esthétiques et ergonomiques ainsi que de technologies de pointe telles que les outils de prédétermination de l'éclairage naturel. Cet ouvrage présente les méthodes et technologies applicables pour la conception et l'évaluation des ambiances lumineuses.

Cependant, si l'étude de l'éclairage naturel d'un bâtiment se base sur des données scientifiques et technologiques, sa mise en application relève en outre de la capacité de composition de l'auteur du projet. Toute étude de l'éclairage naturel doit intégrer ces deux démarches, artistique et scientifique, dès l'esquisse d'un projet, ce qui est rarement réalisé. D'une part, la grande majorité des écoles d'architecture privilégient l'enseignement de l'éclairage naturel selon le point de vue artistique, en négligeant l'aspect scientifique essentiel à la mise en oeuvre d'une architecture de qualité; d'autre part, les normes qui traitent de l'éclairage naturel étudient le point de vue quantitatif de l'éclairage comme, par exemple, les niveaux d'éclairement ou les contrastes à respecter pour atteindre une bonne perception visuelle mais négligent l'aspect architectural et le côté subjectif du confort visuel des occupants. Ce guide réunit les approches techniques et artistiques ainsi que les critères quantitatifs et qualitatifs afin de donner aux architectes la possibilité de créer une architecture plus humaine et mieux reliée à son milieu.

Tout au long de cet ouvrage, la lumière est abordée d'un point de vue tant conceptuel que pratique afin que ce guide soit utile à tous les architectes, quels que soient le type et l'échelle de leurs projets. De nombreux schémas et résultats de simulations viennent illustrer les concepts techniques tandis que de multiples exemples d'architecture sont présentés pour favoriser une compréhension plus concrète des phénomènes lumineux. Les exemples sont présentés dans l'esprit d'un carnet de croquis d'ambiances lumineuses; le lecteur est invité à y confronter ses propres expériences architecturales en rapport à la lumière naturelle.

Ce livre est destiné aux architectes et aux étudiants en architecture. Une méthode de conception est toujours liée à une manière de travailler spécifique à chaque individu; c'est pourquoi, la structure de ce guide se veut assez générale et assez flexible pour s'adapter à la vision de chaque architecte. Pour assister le lecteur dans sa démarche, ce manuel présente un index de 170 mots clés ainsi qu'une bibliographie de 70 ouvrages de référence.

Cet ouvrage a obtenu le Prix Roberval 2003 dans la catégorie "Enseignement supérieur".

Ce guide est disponible à l'adresse : http://www.i6doc.com/doc/eclairage

 

M Bodart, J. Chabaudie, A. Liébard, A. De Herde, Guide de l'architecture bioclimatique, cours fondamental : Tome 5. Construire avec l'éclairage naturel et artificiel, Système solaires : l'observateur des énergies renouvelables, Paris, 2003

 

La conception architecturale bioclimatique s'inscrit dans la problématique contemporaine, liée à l'aménagement harmonieux du territoire et à la préservation du milieu naturel. Cette démarche, partie prenante du développement durable, optimise le confort des habitants, réduit les risques pour leur santé et minimise l'impact du bâti sur l'environnement.

La valorisation de l'éclairage naturel dans la conception architecturale bioclimatique répond à un double objectif de recherche du confort visuel et de maîtrise des consommations: défini comme une cible principale de la démarche de Haute Qualité Environnementale (HQE), l'éclairage naturel, couplé à un éclairage artificiel performant, améliore la qualité des ambiances et participe au bien-être des occupants, tout en assurant de substantielles économies d'énergie.

"Construire avec l'éclairage naturel et artificiel" est le thème de cet ouvrage qui vient compléter les quatre premiers tomes de la collection Guide de l'architecture bioclimatique: "Connaître les bases", "Construire avec le climat", "Construire en climats chauds" et "Construire avec le développement durable".

Chaque utilisateur puisera dans ce guide de solides connaissances sur l'origine, les caractéristiques et les paramètres de la lumière, sur les matériaux et techniques pour l'utiliser de manière naturelle, et sur les moyens pour la coupler à l'éclairage artificiel.

Ce nouvel outil pédagogique est prioritairement destiné aux formateurs, à leurs étudiants et, au-delà, à l'ensemble des acteurs et des décideurs de la construction.
Il permet une appréhension simple et une assimilation réelle du sujet traité. Tous les thèmes abordés sont déclinés en fiches couleurs reproductibles sur transparents, puis développés dans un livret de cours.

Ce projet de formation et d'information s'inscrit dans le prolongement du concours "Habitat Solaire Habitat d'Aujourd'hui" organisé par Observ'ER. Ce document participe à la réalisation des objectifs de la Campagne pour le Décollage des sources d'énergies renouvelables et s'insert dans le cadre du Livre Blanc de la Commission européenne.

Ce guide est disponible auprès d'Obsev'ER.

 

M. Bodart, A. Deneyer, N. Moenssens, Guide précis d'aide à la construction des modèles réduits, pour utilisation et mesures sous ciel artificiel au CSTC.

 

Le guide des maquettes donne les instructions nécessaires à la constructions de modèles réduits en vue de les tester sous le ciel artificiel du CSTC.

Télécharger le guide des maquettes (Format Pdf = 2,1 Mb)

 

Thèse

M. Bodart, Création d'un outil d'aide au choix optimisé du vitrage du bâtiment selon des critères physiques, écologiques et économiques, pour un meilleur confort visuel et thermique, Thèse de doctorat, UCL, Avril 2002

 

Le marché de l'industrie verrière offre actuellement un nombre important de vitrages très performants, tout autant dans les domaines de la thermique et de l'éclairage naturel, que dans le domaine de l'acoustique. Bien que l'architecte soit confronté à un choix très vaste de possibilités, ses critères de choix d'un vitrage restent trop souvent uniquement de l'ordre économique et d'apparence architecturale. Pour qu'il puisse profiter au maximum des progrès réalisés dans l'industrie verrière, il faut lui fournir une assistance, une aide au choix optimal du vitrage, correspondant à son cas spécifique.

Dans le cadre de cette thèse de doctorat, nous avons choisi de traiter des aspects thermiques et visuels, ainsi que du lien existant entre ceux-ci.

Un grand nombre de simulations scientifiques précises ont été réalisées et nous ont permis de comprendre les mécanismes liant les aspects d'éclairage et de thermique.

Nous avons donc pu ainsi tirer des conclusions quant au choix du vitrage pour les immeubles de bureaux en Belgique, en fonction de critères de consommation d'énergie et de confort.

La dernière étape du travail a été la conception d'un outil d'aide au choix optimisé du vitrage. Cet outil sert d'interface entre l'utilisateur et la base de données provenant des résultats des simulations réalisées dans le cadre de cette thèse. Il traite des aspects de confort thermique et visuel, tout en tenant compte des aspects économiques et environnementaux.

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M. Piderit, Daylighting design strategies for visual comfort in Chilean classrooms, thèse de doctorat, UCL, Juillet 2011

 

Daylighting has taken on an important role in sustainable architecture, since it has a major impact on the energy efficiency of a building allowing, first, to reduce the load on artificial lighting and, at the same time, to reduce the internal gains of the buildings. It is important to point out that it also has a positive effect on human health, wellbeing, visual comfort and performance.

In schools, it has been proven that daylighting plays an important role in the learning process and the behavior of the students. The objective of this thesis is to define daylight criteria for the development of daylighting design strategies for classrooms, with the purpose of ensuring the visual comfort of the students.

The specific objectives are: first, defining the standards for the application of the criteria, based on a dynamic daylight metric considering weather data, the different types of skies, seasons of the year and times of the day; second, conceiving, verifying and demonstrating the effectiveness of the developed strategies; and, finally, creating a consultation tool, that serves as a reference for classroom design, allowing for the understanding of light distribution and visual comfort conditions of the students, in a fast and easy way. A new methodology for the conception of daylighting design strategies of classrooms was obtained, based on four criteria related to visual comfort; these are: the amount of daylighting, daylighting uniformity, presence of glare risk in the field of view and sunlight penetration in the classrooms. Given the dynamics and variability of the light, this is evaluated through new dynamic simulation methods, which take into account the amount of daily and seasonal variations of daylight, combined with weather data.

The evaluation of these criteria, in classrooms, was determined by RADIANCE simulation, where the values are plotted in the temporal and spatial maps in order to evaluate daylight and visual comfort throughout the year. For these new criteria, two acceptance levels were stated: the adequate one, for all that falls within the expectations and that results in a good design; and the optimal one, for all that provides a high luminous quality environment using daylight effectively. We have used as case study in the application and verification of this methodology, five typologies with different localized strategies in the city of Concepción,Chile.

After carrying out the study, we can conclude that the new proposed methodology can be applied to other locations and types of buildings deeming necessary, eventually, to adapt the expected objectives to the different criteria. A daylight design that complies with the criteria, methods and standards defined in this thesis ensures a high daylight performance and a well daylit environment.

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C. Cauwerts, Influence of presentation modes on visual perceptions of daylit spaces, these de doctorat, UCL, Novembre 2013

 

Virtual renderings are increasingly used in the architectural design process and in lighting quality research to assess the visual appearance of indoor environments. Thanks to imaging technologies continuously in development to improve the "realism" of these images, pictures can nowadays be presented in various ways. Regrettably, to date, few studies assert that such images replicate the visual appearance perceived in actual daylit environments.

The present research investigated the perceptual equivalence between actual daylit environments and images. Two types of images – photographs and virtual renderings – were studied as well as four modes of presentation – QuickTime virtual reality (QTVR) panoramas, 2D display, 3D display, and high dynamic range (HDR) display.

Eight groups of 40 students viewed four daylit corridors and filled in a questionnaire about the appearance of lighting and space elaborated for the study. The corridors were presented in several ways: a first group of participants visited the actual rooms while the other groups visualized, in a lab context, their reproduction in sketches, photographs or virtual renderings.

This research provides some proofs that images can reasonably be used as a surrogate for the real world when studying the appearance of lighting (characterized by the perceived brightness, coloration, contrast, distribution, directivity and glare). On the other hand, the study suggests that images poorly reproduce the appearance of space (pleasantness and enclosedness were studied). As a result of the research, we determined precisely the media to use for studying each dimension characterizing the appearance of lighting and space.

 

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Articles publiés dans des revues internationales

M. Bodart, A. De Herde, Global Energy savings in offices buildings by the use of daylighting, Energy and Buildings, 34 (2002), 421-429.

 

Keywords

global energy savings, daylighting, facade configurations

Abstract

The objective of the work was to evaluate the impact of lighting energy savings on global energy consumption in office buildings. This evaluation comes from an integrated approach combining the daylighting and the thermal aspects. The study presented here is based on simulation results. Several façade configurations have been modeled, for the four main orientations and three combinations of internal wall reflection coefficients. These simulations were performed by coupling a daylighting simulation tool (ADELINE) and a dynamic thermal simulation software (TRNSYS). These simulations allowed us to determine the main parameters playing a rule on lighting consumption. We learned that daylighting can reduce artificial lighting consumption from 50 to 80 %. The global primary energy saving coming not only from the reduction of the lighting consumption but also from the reduction of lighting internal loads could then reach 40 %, for a type of glazing usually used in office buildings.

Texte publié dans : Energy and Buildings, 34 (2002), p.421-429.

Pour des raisons de copyright, le texte complet n'est pas disponible sur ce site. Pour obtenir une copie, s'adresser à ELSEVIER ou à M. Bodart.

Bodart M., Deneyer A., De Herde A., Wouters P., Design of a new single-patch sky and sun simulator, Lighting Research and Technology, 38(1) (2006), p 73-89.

 

Abstract :

The design of a new sky simulator and its construction are described in detail. The
simulator, comprising 91 tungsten halogen lamps placed in a hexagonal array, is
based on the modelling of one patch of the Tregenza sky hemisphere distribution.
This concept allows illuminance measurements from one geometric configuration
to be used for every sky model. The sun simulator, which is also comprised of
halogen lamps placed in a hexagonal array, is also described. Parallax error
measurement and validation studies show that the sky presents low errors. The
paper includes a review of existing skies and suns.

Texte publié dans : Lighting Research and Technology, 38 (1) (2006), p.73-89.

Pour des raisons de copyright, le texte complet n'est pas disponible sur ce site. Pour obtenir une copie, s'adresser à la revue ou à M. Bodart.

M. Bodart, A. Deneyer, A. De Herde, P. Wouters, A guide for Building Daylight Scale Models, Architectural Science Review, 50.1 (2007), 31-36.

 

Keywords

daylighting, scale models, artificial sky

Abstract

Scale models are frequently used to evaluate daylighting performances of buildings. In order to get accurate results, there are several rules to respect for building these scale models.
Some of these rules are universal and others depend on the measurement and observation devices, the type of sky under which the study is carried out and the objectives of the study. This paper, based on the author's experience and on a literature review, presents rules to respect when building a mock-up for daylighting studies. These rules are illustrated by project examples that were tested under the Belgian artificial skies (Single-patch sky and sun simulator, Mirror box and Mechanical sun).

Texte publié dans : Architectural Science Review, 50.1 (2007), p.31-36.

Pour des raisons de copyright, le texte complet n'est pas disponible sur ce site. Pour obtenir une copie, s'adresser à la revue ASR ou à M. Bodart.

B. Roisin, M. Bodart, A. Deneyer, P. D'Herdt, Lighting energy savings in offices using different control systems and their real consumption, Energy and buildings, 40 (2008), 514-523.

 

Keywords

artificial lighting, energy savings, lighting control, dimming, daylight

Abstract

This paper compares the potential of lighting energy savings in office rooms by using different control systems, for three locations in Europe and the four main orientations. The method is based on DAYSIM simulations to perform daylight calculations, on laboratory measurement to evaluate precise system energy consumptions and on the implementation of a new algorithm for simulating a close-loop daylight dimming system. It appears that the control of the electrical power in function of daylight leads to very high savings; they slightly depend on the room orientation and the location. Savings varies from 45% to 61%. The performances of an occupancy sensor are also tested. Threshold values of occupancy rate for which daylight dimming leads to higher gains than an occupancy control system vary between 27 and 44% depending on location and orientation. The measurements of the energy consumption of the sensors and detectors also permit to conclude that systems with embedded DALI-compatible ballast controllers should be abandoned in favour of a centralized DALI-compatible ballast controller or embedded analogue systems.

Pour des raisons de copyright, le texte complet n'est pas disponible sur ce site. Pour obtenir une copie, s'adresser à la ELSEVIER ou à M. Bodart.

M. Bodart, A. Deneyer, V. Gilbert, Validation of the Belgian single-patch sky and sun simulator, Building and Environment, 43 (2008), 1892-1901.

 

Keywords

Artificial lighting; Energy savings; Lighting control; Dimming; Daylight

Abstract

This paper compares the potential of lighting energy savings in office rooms by using different control systems, for three locations in Europe and the four main orientations. The method is based on DAYSIM simulations to perform daylight calculations, on laboratory measurement to evaluate precise system energy consumptions and on the implementation of a new algorithm to simulate a close-loop daylight dimming system. It appears that the control of the electrical power in function of daylight leads to very high savings; they slightly depend on the room orientation and the location. Savings vary from 45 to 61%. The performances of an occupancy sensor are also tested. Threshold values of occupancy rate for which daylight dimming leads to higher gains than an occupancy control system vary between 27 and 44% depending on location and orientation. The measurements of the energy consumption of the sensors and detectors also permit to conclude that systems with embedded DALI-compatible ballast controllers should be abandoned in favour of a centralized DALI-compatible ballast controller or embedded analogue systems.

Pour des raisons de copyright, le texte complet n'est pas disponible sur ce site. Pour obtenir une copie, s'adresser à la ELSEVIER ou à M. Bodart.

M. Bodart, R. de Peñaranda, A. Deneyer, Photometry and colorimetry characterisation of materials in daylighting evaluation tools, Building and Environment 43 (2008), 2046-2058.

 

Keywords

Daylighting; Photometry; Simulation; Scale models; Materials; Colorimetry

Abstract

This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the photometric and colorimetric characteristics of internal building materials, for daylight evaluation. The assessment of these characteristics is crucial both for modelling materials accurately in daylight simulation tools and for building correct daylight mock-ups. The essential photometric and colorimetric parameters that influence the reflection of light from and its transmission through building materials are identified and described. Several methods for evaluating these parameters qualitatively and quantitatively are then proposed and discussed. Our new methodology was fused to create a database of materials in a freely accessible web tool which compares full-size materials to scale-model materials in order to help architects and lighting designers choose materials for building daylight scale models.

Pour des raisons de copyright, le texte complet n'est pas disponible sur ce site. Pour obtenir une copie, s'adresser à la ELSEVIER ou à M. Bodart.

frS. Kleindienst, M. Bodart, M. Andersen, Graphical representation of climate-based daylight performance to support architectural design, Leukos 5 (1) (2008), 39-61.

fr

 

Keywords

Daylighting, Annual Simulation, Climate-based metrics, Temporal Maps, Schematic Design

Abstract

Many conventional daylighting design tools are limited in that each simulation represents only one time of year and time of day (or a single, theoretical overcast sky condition). Since daylight is so variable – due to the movement of the sun, changing seasons, and diverse weather conditions – one moment is hardly representative of the overall quality of the daylighting design, which is why climatebased, dynamic performance metrics like Daylight Autonomy (DA) and Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) are so needed. Going one step further, the annual variation in performance (condensed to a percentage by DA and UDI) is also valuable information, as is the ability to link this data to spatial visualizations and renderings. Trying to realize this combination of analytical needs using existing tools would become an overly time-consuming and tedious process. The challenge is to provide all information necessary to early design stage decision-making in a manageable form, while retaining the continuity of annual data. This paper introduces a climate data simplification method based on a splitting of the year into 56 periods, over which weather conditions are “averaged” and simulated using Perez’s ASRCCIE sky model, while information on sun penetration is provided at a greater resolution. The graphical output of the produced data in the form of “Temporal Maps” will be shown to be visually, and even numerically, comparable to reference case maps created using short time step calculations and based on illuminance data generated by Daysim.

Pour des raisons de copyright, le texte complet n'est pas disponible sur ce site. Pour obtenir une copie, s'adresser à l'IESNA ou à M. Bodart.

S. Kleindienst is a PhD student at MIT, Department of Architecture, Building and Technology Program.

M. Andersen is professor at MIT, Department of Architecture, Building and Technology Program.

fze

frM. Andersen, S. Kleindienst, L. Yi, J. Lee, M. Bodart, B. Cuttler, An intuitive daylighting performance analysis and optimization approach, Building Research and Information 36 (6) (2008), 593-607.

fr

 

Keywords

daylighting, design process, design support, interactive optimisation, energy, simulation, visualisation

Abstract

The effective integration of daylighting considerations into the design process requires many issues to be addressed simultaneously, such as daily and seasonal variations, illumination, and thermal comfort. To address the need for early integration into the design process, a new approach called LightSolve has been developed. Its key objectives are to support the design process using a goal-oriented approach based on iterative design improvement suggestions; to provide climate-based annual metrics in a visual and synthesized format; and to relate quantitative and qualitative performance criteria using daylighting analysis data in various forms. This methodology includes the development of a time-segmentation process to represent weather and time in a condensed form, the adaptation of daylight metrics that encompass temporal and spatial considerations, and the creation of an interactive analysis interface to explore design options and design iterations. This system relies on optimization techniques to generate these suggestions. LightSolve allows the designer to explore other design alternatives that may better fulfil the objectives and to learn about appropriate strategies to resolve daylight or sunlight penetration issues. It offers architects and building engineers support for daylighting design that can be employed interactively within the existing design process.

Pour des raisons de copyright, le texte complet n'est pas disponible sur ce site. Pour obtenir une copie, s'adresser à M. Bodart.

S. Kleindienst est doctorante au MIT, Département d'Architecture, Building and Technology Program.

M. Andersen est professeur au MIT, Département d'Architecture, Building and Technology Program.

fze

 

Articles publiés à des conférences

M. Bodart, Study of the paramaters and criteria influencing the choice of glazing in office buildings, Performance of Exterior Envelopes of Whole Building VIII, ASHRAE, December 2001, Clearwater Beach, Florida, USA.

 

Keywords

Consumption, Cooling, Energy, Glass, Heating, Lighting, Office building, Simulation, Window

Abstract

The choice of glazing is a critical stage in the design of a building.
Very often, architects select the glazing at the end of the project, taking into account only aesthetic aspects and building first costs. They are unaware that an unwise choice could involve problems in comfort or require excessive energy consumption in order to reach acceptable comfort levels.
This paper shows that the choice of glazing must form an integral part of the design of the building and depends on a certain number of parameters.
This study is based on a great number of thermal and lighting simulations. These simulations where carried out by coupling two programs, ADELINE and TRNSYS. It covers office buildings and shows us the following:

  • Firstly, in order to select a type of glazing, it is necessary to know various parameters relating to the building or the room studied. We should also know up to what point these parameters have an impact on glazing selection.

  • Secondly, we see that it is essential to study the aspects of lighting in parallel with the aspects of thermal comfort (winter and summer). The paper shows how the integration of lighting criteria can weigh in the choice of glazing.

  • Finally, when analyzing the simulation results, one must determine which are the glazing selection criteria. For example, these criteria can be of environmental, energetic or economic nature. In this paper, we also study how the choice of the criteria of analysis can influence the choice of glazing.

Texte publié lors de la conférence : Performance of Exterior Envelopes of Whole Building VIII, ASHRAE, DEcember 2001, Clearwater Beach, Florida, USA.

Pour des raisons de copyright, le texte complet n'est pas disponible sur ce site. Pour obtenir une copie, s'adresser à l'ASHRAE (section : conference proceedings) ou à M. Bodart.

M. Bodart, A. Deneyer, A. De Herde, P. Wouters, The new Belgian single-patch sky and sun simulator and its validation.

 

Abstract

A new type of sky and sun simulator has been developed in Belgium. This paper presents this new sky and sun simulator and the mirror box built as a complementary tool of this one. The simulator, made of 91 halogen lamps placed in a hexagonal shape, is based on the modelling of one patch of the Tregenza sky hemisphere distribution. Thanks to this concept, the illuminance evaluation of one geometric configuration made from one measurement set is usable for every sky model. The sun simulator, which is also made of halogen lamps placed in a hexagonal shapes is also described. This paper presents the parallax error measurements. The very intensive validation work is also summarised; it shows that the tools are powerful and present very low errors.

 

Texte publié dans les proceedings de la conférence "Lux Europa 2005", Berlin Septembre 2005.

 

M. Bodart, A. Deneyer, A guide for the building of daylight scale models

 

Abstract

Scale models are frequently used to evaluate daylighting performances of buildings. In order to get accurate results, there are several rules to respect for building these scale models.
Some of these rules are universal and others depend on the measurement and observation devices, the type of sky under which the study is carried out and the objectives of the study. This paper, based on the authors experience and on a literature review, presents rules to respect when building a mock-up for daylighting studies. These rules are illustrated by project examples that were tested under the Belgian artificial skies (Single-patch sky and sun simulator, Mirror box and Mechanical sun).

Texte publié à la conférence PLEA 2006, Genève, septembre 2006

 

 

 

M. Bodart, A. Deneyer, A web tool for the choice of daylight scale model materials

 

Abstract

This paper presents a web tool that has been developed in order to help architects or lighting designers to choose materials for the building of daylight scale models. Those scale models are built in order to qualify or quantify, under real or artificial skies, the daylight penetration and distribution in buildings. The essential photometric and colorimetric parameters that influence the light reflection and transmission of building materials were identified and several methods, for the qualitative and the quantitative evaluation of these parameters were studied. As a result of this study, the web tool proposes two input possibilities. The first one is the simplest: the user chooses the full size material in a database and the web tool immediately proposes a list of scale model materials. The second one is based on a complete input of the full size material characteristics: its colour that can be measured or identified by a colour code (RAL, NCS, …) and its reflexion mode and its homogeneity that are then qualitatively described. In this second case, again, the tool proposes a list of selected scale model materials and the user can then choose a material in that list in accordance with the main objectives of his daylight study.
In addition, the web tool proposes, as illustration, RADIANCE simulation results like illuminance values, in a reference office room with walls made of the full size material, and animations showing the importance of wall lightness on inside daylight distribution.

Texte publié à la conférence PLEA 2006, Genève, septembre 2006

 

 

S. Kleindienst, M. Bodart, M. Andersen, Graphical display for annual climate-based daylight simulation

 

Abstract

Due to daylight variability, a design cannot be thoroughly assessed using single-moment simulations, which is why we need dynamic performance metrics like Daylight Autonomy and Useful Daylight Illuminance. Going one step further, the annual variation in performance (condensed to a percentage by DA and UDI) is also valuable information, as is the ability to link this data to spatial visualizations and renderings. The challenge, therefore, is to provide the information necessary to early design decision-making in a manageable form, while retaining both the continuity of annual data. This paper introduces a simplification method based on splitting the year into weatheraveraged periods, which are simulated using Perez’s ASRC-CIE sky model while sun penetration data is provided at greater resolution. The graphical output, in “Temporal Map” format, is shown to be visually and numerically comparable to reference case maps created using detailed illuminance data generated by Daysim.

Texte publié à la conférence Esim 2008, Quebec, mai 2008

 

 

M. Bodart, C. Cauwerts and M. Andersen, Application of the Lightsolve methodology for the pre-design of the new Belgian VELUX headquarters

 

Abstract

Through the example of the VELUXBelgium building, this paper presents a real case application of a new methodology that is being developed to favor an interactive and intuitive approach of daylighting in buildings in the schematic design phase. The Lightsolve method, under development, is based on an interactive goal-oriented approach, and provides visual representations of annual, climate-based data that rely on a combination of sky distributions using the ASRC-CIE model. This paper focuses on the use of graphical representation of climate-based daylight performance metrics (illuminance and glare metrics) combined with luminance renderings for evaluating the design options occurring during the pre-design stage of the building.

Texte publié à la conférence BPS 2008, Leuven, octobre 2008

 

 

P. D’Herdt, A. Deneyer, B. Roisin and M. Bodart, The use of energy efficient lighting in dwellings: Challenges and potentials

 

Keywords: lighting, energy consumption, dwelling, monitoring

Texte publié à la conférence BPS 2008, Leuven, octobre 2008


M. Andersen, S. Kleindienst, L. Yi, J. Lee, M. Bodart, B. Cutler, Informing daylighting design with the Lightsolve approach: why and how

 

Keywords:

daylighting, design process, interactive optimization, energy, visualization

Abstract

Building designers need reliable methods to address issues such as daily and seasonal variations and combine them with aesthetic considerations, and balance sufficient illumination with visual and thermal comfort aspects. And, this integration must happen early in the design process to have a significant impact on energy savings and ultimate building performance. This paper proposes to address this need by fulfilling three major objectives: support the design process using a goal-oriented approach based on iterative design improvement suggestions; provide climate-based annual metrics in a visual and synthesized form; and relate quantitative and qualitative performance criteria thanks to a novel interface for browsing daylighting analysis data in various forms. A methodology to achieve these objectives is described here as the Lightsolve approach.

Texte publié à la conférence PLEA 2008, Dublin, Octobre 2008

M. Bodart, B. Roisin, P. D’Herdt, A. Deneyer, Lighting efficiency in dwellings: a case study

 

Keywords:

daylighting, design process, interactive optimization, energy, visualization

Abstract

The use of energy efficient lighting in dwellings in combination with the preservation or the improvement of the visual comfort is a huge challenge. There is an important lack of knowledge and information in this field due to multiple factors: little or no energetic and photometric information about the residential products, uncertainty about the behaviour of the users, economic limitations … This paper presents a lighting renovation project in social apartments. The lighting systems were renovated in six similar apartments, at different level, in order to evaluate the lighting saving potential and the influence of the human behaviour on the lighting consumption. This paper presents the obtained average illuminances, luminances and installed powers for each cases. It shows that, if the choice of the lighting system is left to the inhabitant, inefficient systems are used and lighting comfort is seldom reached. Moreover, replacing incandescent lamps by high efficient compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) induces high energy savings but comfort level is hardly reached in that case. Luminaires manufacturers should work on the design of aesthetic and efficient luminaires and more technical information should be given on the luminaire packing. Finally, this paper shows that the human behaviour has a large influence on the lighting consumptions, particularly for inefficient lighting systems.

Texte publié à la conférence EEDAL 2009, Berlin, Juin 2009

 

 

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