Publications

@article{boreal:239085,

title = {Print media: headed for extinction? How the economic situation of newsagents may reshape the future of the Belgian daily newspaper market},

author = {Olivier Standaert and Stefan Mertens and Leen d'Haenens and Beno\^{i}t Grevisse},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/239085},

issn = {2376-2977},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Media Business Studies},

publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},

address = {London},

abstract = {-},

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pubstate = {published},

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}

@article{boreal:216750,

title = {Just Getting By? Francophone Belgian Journalists Dealing with Dutch-language Sources in Their Public Broadcasting Service},

author = {Olivier Standaert and Catherine Bouko and Astrid Vandendaele},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/216750},

doi = {10.1080/17512786.2019.1631709},

issn = {1751-2794},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Journalism Practice},

volume = {14},

number = {6},

pages = {664-678},

publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},

abstract = {In this article, we examine how the Dutch language is used when francophone Belgian journalists prepare and produce their reports\textemdashduring all stages of the process\textemdashup until the actual broadcast. We conducted 16 qualitative interviews with TV news journalists employed by the Belgian French-speaking public broadcaster. Taking as a starting point the highly variable level of Dutch in the newsroom, we highlight four practices used by journalists when they have to cover a news story in Flanders or interview a Dutch speaker: avoidance, mutual assistance, specific efforts to deal with linguistic difficulties and what we call a “tactical use” of Dutch with the sources. This study reveals practices that are by no means a demonstration of excellent language skills. Journalists’ frequent lack of knowledge is compensated by a certain pragmatism: they aim to illustrate how their daily routines tackle a concrete problem in a relatively informal, flexible, and collective manner. Finally, we explore to what extent these practices impact journalistic performance and how the use of the Dutch language in the newsroom reflects the language divide in Belgium’s journalistic landscape.},

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@article{boreal:238702,

title = {One Virus, Four Continents, Eight Countries: An Interdisciplinary and International Study on the Psychosocial Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Adults},

author = {M\'{e}lissa G\'{e}n\'{e}reux and Philip J. Schluter and Kevin KC Hung and Chi Shing Wong and Catherine Pui Yin Mok and Tracey O’Sullivan and Marc D. David and Marie-Eve Carignan and Gabriel Blouin-Genest and Olivier Champagne-Poirier and \'{E}ric Champagne and Nathalie Burlone and Zeeshan Qadar and Teodoro Herbosa and Gleisse Ribeiro-Alves and Ronald Law and Virginia Murray and Emily Ying Yang Chan and Nathalie Pignard-Cheynel and S\'{e}bastien Salerno and Gr\'{e}goire Lits and Leen d’Haenens and David De Coninck and Koenraad Matthys and Mathieu Roy},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/238702},

doi = {10.3390/ijerph17228390},

issn = {1660-4601},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},

volume = {17},

number = {22},

pages = {8390},

publisher = {MDPI AG},

abstract = {The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about several features that increased the sense of fear and confusion, such as quarantine and financial losses among other stressors, which may have led to adverse psychosocial outcomes. The influence of such stressors took place within a broader sociocultural context that needs to be considered. The objective was to examine how the psychological response to the pandemic varied across countries and identify which risk/protective factors contributed to this response. An online survey was conducted from 29 May 2020\textendash12 June 2020, among a multinational sample of 8806 adults from eight countries/regions (Canada, United States, England, Switzerland, Belgium, Hong Kong, Philippines, New Zealand). Probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression episode (MDE) were assessed. The independent role of a wide range of potential factors was examined using multilevel logistic regression. Probable GAD and MDE were indicated by 21.0% and 25.5% of the respondents, respectively, with an important variation according to countries/regions (GAD: 12.2\textendash31.0%; MDE: 16.7\textendash32.9%). When considered together, 30.2% of the participants indicated probable GAD or MDE. Several factors were positively associated with a probable GAD or MDE, including (in descending order of importance) weak sense of coherence (SOC), lower age, false beliefs, isolation, threat perceived for oneself/family, mistrust in authorities, stigma, threat perceived for country/world, financial losses, being a female, and having a high level of information about COVID-19. Having a weak SOC yielded the highest adjusted odds ratio for probable GAD or MDE (3.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.73\textendash3.77). This pandemic is having an impact on psychological health. In some places and under certain circumstances, however, people seem to be better protected psychologically. This is a unique opportunity to evaluate the psychosocial impacts across various sociocultural backgrounds, providing important lessons that could inform all phases of disaster risk management},

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@article{boreal:230673,

title = {Le (d\'{e}-) confinement, un enjeu humain et soci\'{e}tal : Focus sur l’impact de « l’infod\'{e}mie » de COVID-19 en Belgique francophone},

author = {Bernard Hanseeuw and Louise-Am\'{e}lie Cougnon and Alexandre Heeren and Nathan Gurnet and Gr\'{e}goire Lits},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/230673},

issn = {0024-6956},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Louvain m\'{e}dical},

volume = {139},

number = {05},

pages = {369-374},

publisher = {Louvain M\'{e}dical},

abstract = {La gestion de la crise sanitaire \`{a} laquelle nous sommes confront\'{e}s d\'{e}passe largement la gestion de l’\'{e}pid\'{e}mie de coronavirus. Les mesures de confinement prises en r\'{e}ponse \`{a} l’\'{e}pid\'{e}mie ont des impacts m\'{e}dicaux et soci\'{e}taux tr\`{e}s larges. Parall\`{e}lement \`{a} l’\'{e}pid\'{e}mie \'{e}volue \'{e}galement une « infod\'{e}mie », un flux \'{e}norme et incessant d'informations, vraies et fausses, difficiles \`{a} g\'{e}rer pour les individus. Les m\'{e}decins, et les m\'{e}decins universitaires en particulier, se retrouvent dans un espace m\'{e}diatique dont ils sont peu coutumiers. Dans le cadre d’un effort acad\'{e}mique pour attirer l’attention du gouvernement et des experts sur l’importance des sciences sociales et humaines pour sortir de la crise, un neurologue s’est associ\'{e} \`{a} des sp\'{e}cialistes de la sociologie des m\'{e}dias et \`{a} un psychologue expert des troubles anxieux pour mieux comprendre l’impact des sources de (m\'{e}s-) informations sur le comportement de la population, avec un accent particulier sur les diff\'{e}rences existant entre le grand public et les professionnels de la sant\'{e}.},

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@article{boreal:212837,

title = {Diversity in Western Countries: Journalism Culture, Migration Integration Policy and Public Opinion},

author = {Stefan Mertens and Olivier Standaert and Leen d'Haenens and Rozane Cock},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/212837},

doi = {10.17645/mac.v7i1.1632},

issn = {2183-2439},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Media and communication},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

pages = {66-76},

publisher = {Cogitatio},

address = {Lisbon},

abstract = {Earlier research has shown that public opinion and policy lines on the topic of immigrant integration are interrelated. This article investigates a sample of 24 countries for which data are available in the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX), the World Values Survey (WVS), as well as in the Worlds of Journalism Study (WJS). To our knowledge, this is the first time that these data are connected to one another to study journalists’ views on their role to promote tolerance and cultural diversity in societies with diverging immigration policies. The WJS presents an analysis of the role conceptions of professional journalists throughout the world, including a variable measuring the extent to which journalists conceive promoting tolerance and cultural diversity as one of their tasks. Our findings show that journalists (as measured in the WJS) mostly tend to promote tolerance and cultural diversity in countries with more restrictive immigration policies (measured by MIPEX) and less emancipative values (measured by the WVS) Promoting tolerance and cultural diversity is associated with a so-called interventionist approach in journalism culture. Furthermore, we used cluster analyses to attribute the countries under study to meaningful, separate groups. More precisely, we discriminate four clusters of the press among the 24 countries under investigation.},

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@article{boreal:216463,

title = {In their own words: A normative-empirical approach to journalistic roles around the world},

author = {Olivier Standaert and Thomas Hanitzsch and Jonathan Dedonder},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/216463},

doi = {10.1177/1464884919853183},

issn = {17413001},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Journalism. Theory, Practice \& Criticism},

volume = {22},

number = {(4)},

pages = {919-936},

publisher = {Sage},

address = {London},

abstract = {Based on qualitative responses from journalists working in 67 countries, this article presents evidence from a comparative assessment of normative journalistic roles. Different from other types of journalistic roles, normative roles refer to professional aspirations as to how journalism and journalists are supposed to contribute to society. While these roles are typically studied through standardized sets of statements, this study builds on journalists’ own assessments of what should be the most important roles of journalism in their societies. The material for this analysis was obtained from the 2012\textendash2016 wave of the Worlds of Journalism Study. Responses of 20,638 journalists from around the world yielded 45,046 references to journalistic roles. Results show that journalists still see their normative roles primarily in the political arena \textendash a finding that is consistent across the countries investigated. In non-Western countries, journalists articulated a normative demand for intervention in social processes and a more constructive attitude toward ruling powers. Overall, our analysis demonstrates that the normative core of journalism around the world is still invariably built on the news media’s contribution to political processes and conversations, while other areas, such as the management of self and everyday life, remain marginalized.},

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@article{boreal:221297,

title = {L’excellence acad\'{e}mique entre « comp\'{e}tition » et « int\'{e}gration ». Analyse des crit\`{e}res de recrutement acad\'{e}mique et des biais de genre qu’ils induisent},

author = {Farah Dubois-Shaik and Bernard Fusulier and Gr\'{e}goire Lits},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/221297},

issn = {1992-2655},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {SociologieS},

volume = {Dossiers},

number = {00},

pages = {00},

publisher = {Association internationale des sociologues de langue fran\c{c}aise},

abstract = {Les verrous de l’acc\`{e}s des femmes aux \'{e}tudes universitaires et aux postes acad\'{e}miques ont saut\'{e} depuis longtemps. Pourtant, des \'{e}tudes r\'{e}centes montrent qu’il existe toujours des m\'{e}canismes sociaux qui r\'{e}duisent la proportion de femmes au fur et \`{a} mesure du d\'{e}ploiement des carri\`{e}res scientifiques et acad\'{e}miques, ce qui est imag\'{e} par un « leaky pipeline ». Plut\^{o}t que de rechercher l’explication de ce ph\'{e}nom\`{e}ne dans les comportements individuels, diff\'{e}rents travaux se sont int\'{e}ress\'{e}s aux dimensions tant normatives qu’organisationnelles qui le produisent. Adoptant ce point de vue, nous avons \'{e}tudi\'{e} les cadres normatifs et discursifs mobilis\'{e}s par des membres de comit\'{e}s de recrutement de personnel acad\'{e}mique au sein d’une universit\'{e} belge. Nous mettons en \'{e}vidence la coexistence de deux r\'{e}f\'{e}rentiels distincts d’\'{e}valuation de la qualit\'{e} des candidat·e·s (le r\'{e}f\'{e}rentiel de la comp\'{e}tition et le r\'{e}f\'{e}rentiel de l'int\'{e}gration) et nous montrons en quoi ces deux r\'{e}f\'{e}rentiels contribuent au maintien et peut-\^{e}tre au renforcement d’une organisation genr\'{e}e du travail scientifique.},

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@article{boreal:188496,

title = {What Does the “Terrorist” Label Really Do? Measuring and Explaining the Effects of the “Terrorist” and “Islamist” Categories},

author = {Stephane J. Baele and Olivier C. Sterck and Thibaut Slingeneyer and Gr\'{e}goire Lits},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/188496},

doi = {10.1080/1057610X.2017.1393902},

issn = {1521-0731},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Studies in Conflict \& Terrorism},

volume = {42},

number = {5},

pages = {520-540},

publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Inc.},

address = {Philadelphia},

abstract = {Many scholars and practitioners claim that labelling groups or individuals as “terrorists” does not simply describe them but also shapes public attitudes, due to the label's important normative and political charge. Yet is there such a “terrorist label effect”? In view of surprisingly scant evidence, the present paper evaluates whether or not the terrorist label \textendash as well as the “Islamist” one \textendash really impacts both the audience's perception of the security environment and its security policy preferences, and if yes, how and why. To do so, the article implements a randomized-controlled vignette experiment where participants (n = 481) first read one out of three press articles, each depicting a street shooting in the exact same way but labelling the author of the violence with a different category (“terrorist”/“shooter”/“Islamist”). Participants were then asked to report on both their perceptions and their policy preferences. This design reveals very strong effects of both the “terrorist” and “Islamist” categories on each dimension. These effects are analysed through the lenses of social and cognitive psychology, in a way that interrogates the use of the terrorist category in society, the conflation of Islamism with terrorism, and the press and policymakers’ lexical choices when reporting on political violence.},

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@article{boreal:189117,

title = {A labour market without boundaries? Integration paths for young journalists in French-speaking Belgium},

author = {Olivier Standaert},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/189117},

issn = {1775-352X},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {E S S A C H E S S - Journal for Communication Studies},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {99-117},

publisher = {E S S A C H E S S - Journal for Communication Studies},

address = {(France) Les Arcs},

abstract = {This study aims to describe the growing influence of flexibility rationales on the early careers of young, francophone Belgian journalists. The study on the integration of new journalists enables us to grasp how the destandardisation of the beginnings of a career creates new identity forms in part distanced from the traditional values that had managed to make journalism a job that was distinct, recognised and more or less solidly positioned in the social sphere. At its most extreme, flexible rational acts as a key factor in the increasingly frequent divide between a job and work. After having established these observations through a longitudinal study of a body of young journalists, the study analyses the impact of flexible rationales in the identity forms and the theoretical issue of boundaries between journalism and others business sectors.},

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@article{boreal:212822,

title = {Being a journalist in a multilingual country: Representations of Dutch among Belgian French-speaking journalists},

author = {Catherine Bouko and Olivier Standaert and Astrid Vandendaele},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/212822},

doi = {10.1515/multi-2018-0036},

issn = {1613-3684},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Multilingua : journal of cross-cultural and interlanguage communication},

volume = {38},

number = {3},

pages = {231-251},

publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},

address = {Berlin},

abstract = {In this paper, we examine how the francophone TV audience is introduced to the Flemish community and its language through daily news broadcasts. More specifically, our research looks at how the Dutch language is used when francophone journalists prepare and produce their reports \textendash during all stages of the process \textendash, up until the actual broadcast. We therefore conducted 15 qualitative interviews with TV news journalists employed by the Belgian French-speaking public broadcaster. The interviews were organized around eight topics, e.g. the place of Dutch in the newsroom and the languages chosen during interactions with Dutch-speaking interviewees. From a discursive point of view, we focused on the selected lexical terms and rhetorical tropes (the various uses of the litotes, in particular) to unpack the journalists’ practices, in relation to their representations of Dutch. Our study provides notable insights into their representation of the differences between French- and Dutch-speaking Belgians as a generational issue, their tendency to assess their proficiency in Dutch measured against bilingualism, as well as their wish to beat the clich\'{e} of “the unilingual French-speaker”. These observations are coupled with criteria which explain why French might be preferred in the end: the TV audience’s comfort, general intelligibility and subtitling constraints.},

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@article{boreal:243235,

title = {JPEG-XS\textemdashA High-Quality Mezzanine Image Codec for Video Over IP},

author = {Thomas Richter and Joachim Keinert and Siegfried Foessel and Antonin Descampe and Gael Rouvroy and Jean-Baptiste Lorent},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078/243235},

doi = {10.5594/jmi.2018.2862098},

issn = {2160-2492},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal},

volume = {127},

number = {9},

pages = {39-49},

publisher = {Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)},

abstract = {More and higher quality UHD content is arriving in the production environment, requesting additional bandwidths for data transmission and exchange. In parallel, a more flexible infrastructure based on the well-known IP protocol stack is very desirable. Adding mezzanine compression in the production workflow can reduce the necessary data transmission capacities or even enable the usage of existing infrastructure for higher resolution and higher quality content designed for previous HD production lines. A low complexity of a mezzanine codec with ultra-low latency by preserving highest quality is one of the biggest challenges for such a new codec design. Having this in mind the JPEG committee started a new work item, called JPEG-XS, addressing the need for an interoperable video-over-IP codec. This paper presents the specific requirements for such a codec, shows the results of the call for proposals, the advances during the core experiment phase and provides some insight into the selected technology.},

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@article{boreal:188757,

title = {L'atypie standardis\'{e}e. Incertitudes et hybridit\'{e} des trajectoires journalistiques en Belgique francophone},

author = {Olivier Standaert},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/188757},

issn = {2294-9844},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Communication et Professionalisation},

number = {8},

pages = {37-63},

publisher = {R\'{e}seau international sur la professionnalisation des communicateurs},

address = {Canada},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

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@article{boreal:188192,

title = {Waiting for a hypothetical asylum: The photographic coverage of the Maximilian Park in Brussels},

author = {Olivier Standaert and G\'{e}rard Der\`{e}ze},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/188192},

issn = {2049-9531},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Applied Journalism \& Media Studies},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

pages = {59-77},

publisher = {Intellect Ltd.},

abstract = {This article investigates the photographic coverage of the migration crisis in Belgium. It focuses on an event that captured the attention of the Belgian media in September 2015. At the end of the summer, hundreds of Syrian and Iraqi refugees, waiting for a hypothetical asylum in Belgium, suddenly set up a camp in the middle of the Maximilian Park, which is located in the heart of Brussels, near the Immigration Office. Up to 1000 people slept there until the camp was dismantled in early October. These events generated a wave of citizen solidarity and constant political agitation over regularization of the refugees. Technical, thematic and contextual analysis of the photographic coverage of Maximilian Park in four Belgian newspapers (two “popular” titles and two “quality papers”) helps not just to understand how what happened there is to be distinguished from other pictures and stereotypes of refugees, but also how these images express and feed longer crisis narratives at both Belgian and European levels. We observed that the photo coverage of the quality newspapers focused on the refugees and the living conditions in the park (while the tabloid newspapers largely ignored them). Instead of showing the refugees as a threat or as distant foreigners facing a new interlocutor (the volunteers of the park), those pictures chose to get as close as possible to the refugees’ daily life and their difficult living conditions. In doing so, however, the pictures presented to the readers seem far from the tendency to universalize ‘the refugee’ and do not question photojournalism as a form of humanism.},

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@article{boreal:178636,

title = {Le journalisme sous l’emprise de la catastrophe},

author = {Marc Lits and Gr\'{e}goire Lits and Brieuc Lits},

url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/178636},

doi = {10.4000/communication.7329},

issn = {1920-7344},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Communication},

volume = {34},

publisher = {Universit\'{e} de Laval},

address = {Laval Canada},

abstract = {Dans cet article nous nous int\'{e}ressons principalement \`{a} la mani\`{e}re dont les m\'{e}dias participent \`{a} la configuration de l’histoire. Que cela soit sous le registre de la comm\'{e}moration, ou m\^{e}me parfois, sans doute de plus en plus fr\'{e}quemment, sous le registre de l’anticipation, les m\'{e}dias, en produisant des r\'{e}cits historiques, participent \`{a} l’organisation des perceptions du pass\'{e}, du pr\'{e}sent, et du futur. \`{A} partir de l’analyse du contenu de deux suppl\'{e}ments de journaux \`{a} vis\'{e}es r\'{e}trospectives et prospectives publi\'{e}s par le journal quotidien belge Le Soir, nous mettrons en \'{e}vidence quelques pistes de recherche exploratoires relatives \`{a} la centralit\'{e} des r\'{e}f\'{e}rentiels du risque et de la catastrophe dans la s\'{e}lection des faits historiques r\'{e}alis\'{e}e par les m\'{e}dias. Nous montrons \'{e}galement comment les questions de la centralit\'{e} de la science et de l’expertise dans notre rapport au monde semblent aujourd’hui \^{e}tre un prisme central dans la construction m\'{e}diatique du pass\'{e} et du pr\'{e}sent.},

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