2023
Standaert, Olivier; Pignard-Cheynel, Nathalie; Amigo, Laura
In: Digital Journalism, 2023, ISSN: 2167-082X.
@article{boreal:277025,
title = {European French-Speaking Local Media’s Relationship with Audiences. A Strategic Challenge between Diluted and Integrated Organizational Modalities},
author = {Olivier Standaert and Nathalie Pignard-Cheynel and Laura Amigo},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/277025},
doi = {10.1080/21670811.2023.2234410},
issn = {2167-082X},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Digital Journalism},
publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Standaert, Olivier; Mertens, Stefan
Cultures journalistiques et pays multilingues. Evaluer le rôle des langues dans la performance des rôles journalistiques en Belgique Proceedings Article
In: Between ideals and practices: Journalistic role performance in transformative times (unaffiliated pre-conference to ICA 2023)), Toronto Metropolitan University (Canada), 2023.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:275112,
title = {Cultures journalistiques et pays multilingues. Evaluer le r\^{o}le des langues dans la performance des r\^{o}les journalistiques en Belgique},
author = {Olivier Standaert and Stefan Mertens},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/275112},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
booktitle = {Between ideals and practices: Journalistic role performance in transformative times (unaffiliated pre-conference to ICA 2023))},
address = {Toronto Metropolitan University (Canada)},
abstract = {-},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Rotili, Lavinia;; Descampe, Antonin; Pignard-Cheynel, Nathalie
Enseigner l'innovation journalistique par la pratique : études de cas belge et suisse Proceedings Article
In: L’avenir de la médiation technologique dans le journalisme et les médias, Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2023.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:275921,
title = {Enseigner l'innovation journalistique par la pratique : \'{e}tudes de cas belge et suisse},
author = {Lavinia; Rotili and Antonin Descampe and Nathalie Pignard-Cheynel},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/275921},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
booktitle = {L’avenir de la m\'{e}diation technologique dans le journalisme et les m\'{e}dias},
address = {Universit\'{e} Paris-Panth\'{e}on-Assas},
abstract = {Dans le contexte de la journ\'{e}e d’\'{e}tude consacr\'{e}e \`{a} l’avenir de la m\'{e}diation technologique dans le journalisme et les m\'{e}dias, nous nous int\'{e}ressons \`{a} la formation des futurs journalistes, et \`{a} la fa\c{c}on dont il est possible de les initier \`{a} une m\'{e}diation technologique en constante \'{e}volution, et \`{a} l’innovation journalistique en g\'{e}n\'{e}ral.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Dans le contexte de la journée d’étude consacrée à l’avenir de la médiation technologique dans le journalisme et les médias, nous nous intéressons à la formation des futurs journalistes, et à la façon dont il est possible de les initier à une médiation technologique en constante évolution, et à l’innovation journalistique en général.
Bogaert, Jérémie; Escouflaire, Louis; Marneffe, Marie-Catherine; Descampe, Antonin; Standaert, François-Xavier; Fairon, Cédrick
TIPECS : A corpus cleaning method using machine learning and qualitative analysis Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Corpus Linguistics (JLC), Grenoble, France, 2023.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:276581,
title = {TIPECS : A corpus cleaning method using machine learning and qualitative analysis},
author = {J\'{e}r\'{e}mie Bogaert and Louis Escouflaire and Marie-Catherine Marneffe and Antonin Descampe and Fran\c{c}ois-Xavier Standaert and C\'{e}drick Fairon},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/276581},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Corpus Linguistics (JLC)},
address = {Grenoble, France},
abstract = {We present TIPECS ("Train, Infer Predictions, Explain, Clean, Start again"), a corpus cleaning method relying on a mixed approach between machine learning and manual analysis. The aim of our dataset cleaning approach is to remove tokens or segments that are considered as discriminant features by a classification model trained on a given dataset for a given task, but that cannot be generalized to other similar tasks or datasets.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
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We present TIPECS ("Train, Infer Predictions, Explain, Clean, Start again"), a corpus cleaning method relying on a mixed approach between machine learning and manual analysis. The aim of our dataset cleaning approach is to remove tokens or segments that are considered as discriminant features by a classification model trained on a given dataset for a given task, but that cannot be generalized to other similar tasks or datasets.
Escouflaire, Louis; Bogaert, Jérémie; Descampe, Antonin; Fairon, Cédrick
The RTBF Corpus: a dataset of 750,000 Belgian French news articles published between 2008 and 2021 Proceedings Article
In: International Conference on Corpus Linguistics (JLC), Grenoble, France, 2023.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:276580,
title = {The RTBF Corpus: a dataset of 750,000 Belgian French news articles published between 2008 and 2021},
author = {Louis Escouflaire and J\'{e}r\'{e}mie Bogaert and Antonin Descampe and C\'{e}drick Fairon},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/276580},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
booktitle = {International Conference on Corpus Linguistics (JLC)},
address = {Grenoble, France},
abstract = {In this paper, we introduce the RTBF Corpus, a large diachronic corpus of 767,204 Belgian French news articles published between 2008 and 2021 by the Belgian public service media RTBF. We present the contents and structure of the corpus, along with the different layers of metadata available for each text. We also describe the three different versions of the articles available in the corpus (depending on the cleaning and preprocessing steps applied to the text). The RTBF corpus is freely available online in CSV format (https://dataverse.uclouvain.be/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.14428/DVN/PEVSSI), for research and teaching purposes only.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper, we introduce the RTBF Corpus, a large diachronic corpus of 767,204 Belgian French news articles published between 2008 and 2021 by the Belgian public service media RTBF. We present the contents and structure of the corpus, along with the different layers of metadata available for each text. We also describe the three different versions of the articles available in the corpus (depending on the cleaning and preprocessing steps applied to the text). The RTBF corpus is freely available online in CSV format (https://dataverse.uclouvain.be/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.14428/DVN/PEVSSI), for research and teaching purposes only.
Escouflaire, Louis; Descampe, Antonin; Lits, Grégoire; Fairon, Cédrick
Analyzing the semantic evolution of bias in French news articles using word embeddings Proceedings Article
In: Digital Humanities Benelux 2023, Brussels, Belgium, 2023.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:275289,
title = {Analyzing the semantic evolution of bias in French news articles using word embeddings},
author = {Louis Escouflaire and Antonin Descampe and Gr\'{e}goire Lits and C\'{e}drick Fairon},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/275289},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
booktitle = {Digital Humanities Benelux 2023},
address = {Brussels, Belgium},
abstract = {In this contribution, we investigate the possible use of word embeddings models for the sociolinguistic analysis of semantic change regarding different types of biases in a longitudinal corpus of journalistic articles. Word embeddings are computed through a machine learning algorithm which was first introduced with the word2vec model (Mikolov et al., 2013). This method can be applied to a large corpus of text to represent each word as a multidimensional vector based on the lexical contexts of all appearances of the given word in the corpus. By training on the windows of occurrence of the words, the model is able to capture subtle semantic features carried by those words in the corpus, largely outdoing previous NLP methods of co-occurrence analysis. Through dimensional reduction, embeddings can also be visualized in a two- or three-dimensional space to get a more qualitative view at the different ways in which the words in the corpus interact with each other. Among such semantic features and relationships, word embeddings have also been found to incorporate a wide variety of biases and stereotypes that are present in the corpus from which they are modeled (Stoltz \& Taylor, 2021). Because word embeddings were initially developed as tools for NLP applications such as automated translation or recommendation algorithms (and are largely used in the field), a lot of the research on word embeddings has focused on exploring ways to debias the models (Bolukbasi et al., 2016). Keeping them from reproducing the stereotypes on which they were trained has been made a priority since their rise in popularity. However, recent work has shed the light on the opportunities provided by word embeddings for measuring the presence and importance of biases in text corpora and for detecting hidden stereotypes. For example, this method can help for analyzing the evolution of gender bias over time by training multiple word embedding models on data collected from successive periods of time (Garg et al., 2018). We trained the word2vec algorithm on multiple chunks of the RTBF Corpus (Escouflaire et al., 2023), which contains 750.000 news articles published between 2008 and 2021 by the Belgian French-speaking public media RTBF (Radio-T\'{e}l\'{e}vision Belge Francophone). We choose to use the embeddings provided by word2vec and not the contextualized embeddings of more recent transformer models such as BERT (Devlin et al., 2019), because those models require very large amounts of data and are usually pretrained on datasets which contain prior biases that may alter our results. Exploring a variety of approaches, we analyze the evolution of two types of biases over 14 years of press articles: gender bias and evaluative bias. We compute mathematical operations on the word vectors to compute the distance between a selection of words related to those biases and observe how distances between vectors evolve over time. To account for the inherent influence of grammatical gender (inherent to languages such as French) on word embeddings, we develop an approach derived from Bolukbasi et al. (2016) for building a balanced vector subspace representing a given bias axis. Several words representing typical occupations or relevant concepts can then be projected into this vector subspace to quantify how much they are affected by that bias. We first evaluate the relevance of these tools for bias measurement by running a few semantic tests using lists of inherently biased words. Then, applying this technique, we analyze the evolution of gender stereotypes for multiple words standing for occupations and social groups in Belgian French articles between 2008 and 2021, a period particularly characterized by the influence of the feminist revolution led by the #metoo movement. We show that the gender bias of some words representing occupations, such as minister and pilot, has significantly changed before and after the emergence of #metoo. Projecting the same words in a vector subspace representing evaluative bias (good vs. bad), we also examine the stereotype shifts over the period covered by the RTBF Corpus. Finally, we look for significant correlations between results concerning gender bias and evaluative bias, and confirm the existence of relationships between these two types of stereotypes. Dimensionally reduced vector spaces (using t-SNE) are used to visualize our results and allow for a better understanding of our interpretations. Our work shows the efficiency of word embeddings for analyzing gender and evaluative stereotypes, even when applied to languages in which grammatical gender is central, such as French. We also highlight the other types of bias subspaces that could be investigated using this method and present its limitations. Eventually, we explore the potential research perspectives of this approach in the field of journalism studies, with an overview of the different contributions of word embeddings to sociolinguistic analysis of biases and stereotypes in news media content.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this contribution, we investigate the possible use of word embeddings models for the sociolinguistic analysis of semantic change regarding different types of biases in a longitudinal corpus of journalistic articles. Word embeddings are computed through a machine learning algorithm which was first introduced with the word2vec model (Mikolov et al., 2013). This method can be applied to a large corpus of text to represent each word as a multidimensional vector based on the lexical contexts of all appearances of the given word in the corpus. By training on the windows of occurrence of the words, the model is able to capture subtle semantic features carried by those words in the corpus, largely outdoing previous NLP methods of co-occurrence analysis. Through dimensional reduction, embeddings can also be visualized in a two- or three-dimensional space to get a more qualitative view at the different ways in which the words in the corpus interact with each other. Among such semantic features and relationships, word embeddings have also been found to incorporate a wide variety of biases and stereotypes that are present in the corpus from which they are modeled (Stoltz & Taylor, 2021). Because word embeddings were initially developed as tools for NLP applications such as automated translation or recommendation algorithms (and are largely used in the field), a lot of the research on word embeddings has focused on exploring ways to debias the models (Bolukbasi et al., 2016). Keeping them from reproducing the stereotypes on which they were trained has been made a priority since their rise in popularity. However, recent work has shed the light on the opportunities provided by word embeddings for measuring the presence and importance of biases in text corpora and for detecting hidden stereotypes. For example, this method can help for analyzing the evolution of gender bias over time by training multiple word embedding models on data collected from successive periods of time (Garg et al., 2018). We trained the word2vec algorithm on multiple chunks of the RTBF Corpus (Escouflaire et al., 2023), which contains 750.000 news articles published between 2008 and 2021 by the Belgian French-speaking public media RTBF (Radio-Télévision Belge Francophone). We choose to use the embeddings provided by word2vec and not the contextualized embeddings of more recent transformer models such as BERT (Devlin et al., 2019), because those models require very large amounts of data and are usually pretrained on datasets which contain prior biases that may alter our results. Exploring a variety of approaches, we analyze the evolution of two types of biases over 14 years of press articles: gender bias and evaluative bias. We compute mathematical operations on the word vectors to compute the distance between a selection of words related to those biases and observe how distances between vectors evolve over time. To account for the inherent influence of grammatical gender (inherent to languages such as French) on word embeddings, we develop an approach derived from Bolukbasi et al. (2016) for building a balanced vector subspace representing a given bias axis. Several words representing typical occupations or relevant concepts can then be projected into this vector subspace to quantify how much they are affected by that bias. We first evaluate the relevance of these tools for bias measurement by running a few semantic tests using lists of inherently biased words. Then, applying this technique, we analyze the evolution of gender stereotypes for multiple words standing for occupations and social groups in Belgian French articles between 2008 and 2021, a period particularly characterized by the influence of the feminist revolution led by the #metoo movement. We show that the gender bias of some words representing occupations, such as minister and pilot, has significantly changed before and after the emergence of #metoo. Projecting the same words in a vector subspace representing evaluative bias (good vs. bad), we also examine the stereotype shifts over the period covered by the RTBF Corpus. Finally, we look for significant correlations between results concerning gender bias and evaluative bias, and confirm the existence of relationships between these two types of stereotypes. Dimensionally reduced vector spaces (using t-SNE) are used to visualize our results and allow for a better understanding of our interpretations. Our work shows the efficiency of word embeddings for analyzing gender and evaluative stereotypes, even when applied to languages in which grammatical gender is central, such as French. We also highlight the other types of bias subspaces that could be investigated using this method and present its limitations. Eventually, we explore the potential research perspectives of this approach in the field of journalism studies, with an overview of the different contributions of word embeddings to sociolinguistic analysis of biases and stereotypes in news media content.
2022
Standaert, Olivier
Repenser les relations entre les médias locaux et leurs publics: Un défi organisationnel entre héritages historiques et opportunités numériques Proceedings Article
In: L’innovation en matière d’information locale : nouvelles pratiques journalistiques et enjeux de proximité, Lille, 2022.
@inproceedings{boreal:260351,
title = {Repenser les relations entre les m\'{e}dias locaux et leurs publics: Un d\'{e}fi organisationnel entre h\'{e}ritages historiques et opportunit\'{e}s num\'{e}riques},
author = {Olivier Standaert},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/260351},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {L’innovation en mati\`{e}re d’information locale : nouvelles pratiques journalistiques et enjeux de proximit\'{e}},
address = {Lille},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Astrid, Vandendaele; Standaert, Olivier; Catherine, Bouko
In: Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism, vol. Online First, no. -, pp. -, 2022, ISSN: 1741-3001.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:258964,
title = {Language perceptions and use among (TV) journalists in multilingual Belgium: how pragmatic realities affect the idealized benchmark of bilingualism},
author = {Vandendaele Astrid and Olivier Standaert and Bouko Catherine},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/258964},
doi = {10.1177/14648849221074515},
issn = {1741-3001},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism},
volume = {Online First},
number = {-},
pages = {-},
publisher = {Sage Publications, Inc.},
abstract = {-},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Renaud, Carbasse; Standaert, Olivier; Cook, Clare
Entrepreneurial journalism: emerging models and lived experiences. Looking back and looking forward. Journal Article
In: Brazilian Journalism Research, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 246-265, 2022, ISSN: 1981-9854.
@article{boreal:264798,
title = {Entrepreneurial journalism: emerging models and lived experiences. Looking back and looking forward.},
author = {Carbasse Renaud and Olivier Standaert and Clare Cook},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/264798},
doi = {10.25200/BJR.v18n2.2022.1542},
issn = {1981-9854},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Brazilian Journalism Research},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {246-265},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Standaert, Olivier
De l'universellement partagé au culturellement situé: analyse normative et comparative des rôles journalistiques en Europe Journal Article
In: Hermès. La Revue, vol. 90, no. -, pp. 251-261, 2022, ISSN: 1963-1006.
@article{boreal:266041,
title = {De l'universellement partag\'{e} au culturellement situ\'{e}: analyse normative et comparative des r\^{o}les journalistiques en Europe},
author = {Olivier Standaert},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/266041},
issn = {1963-1006},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Herm\`{e}s. La Revue},
volume = {90},
number = {-},
pages = {251-261},
publisher = {CNRS},
address = {Paris},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ducol, Loup; Anciaux, Amélie; Catellani, Andrea; Lits, Grégoire; Galand, Benoît; Nils, Frédéric; Rihoux, Benoît; Cougnon, Louise-Amélie
2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@techreport{boreal:267798,
title = {Jeunes, Communication \& Climat. Diversit\'{e} des enjeux climatiques aupr\`{e}s des 15-24 ans en Belgique. Rapport de l’UCLouvain, suite \`{a} un appel du Conseil f\'{e}d\'{e}ral pour le d\'{e}veloppement durable},
author = {Loup Ducol and Am\'{e}lie Anciaux and Andrea Catellani and Gr\'{e}goire Lits and Beno\^{i}t Galand and Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric Nils and Beno\^{i}t Rihoux and Louise-Am\'{e}lie Cougnon},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/267798},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
abstract = {Comment les jeunes Belges envisagent-ils leur avenir ? Fil conducteur de cette recherche, cette question nous permet d'interroger les perspectives d'une jeunesse diverse. Ces perspectives touchent \`{a} la fois leur compr\'{e}hension et leur perception des ph\'{e}nom\`{e}nes associ\'{e}s aux changements climatiques, leurs mani\`{e}res de s'informer sur la question, ainsi que leur vision concernant l'\'{e}ducation qu'ils ont re\c{c}ue et l'avenir que leur r\'{e}serve le march\'{e} du travail. Pour appr\'{e}hender empiriquement ces questions, une double enqu\^{e}te de terrain a \'{e}t\'{e} conduite. Une premi\`{e}re partie quantitative a permis de d\'{e}gager des tendances de pratiques et de perceptions des diff\'{e}rentes cat\'{e}gories de jeunes pr\'{e}tri\'{e}s selon des crit\`{e}res sociod\'{e}mographiques. Une seconde partie qualitative a permis d'affiner ces donn\'{e}es gr\^{a}ce \`{a} des focus groups sondant l'opinion des jeunes Belges les plus pr\'{e}caires. Ce travail de terrain confirme la pertinence de consid\'{e}rer une grande diversit\'{e} au sein du groupe social « jeune » (15-24 ans), puisque des diff\'{e}rences consid\'{e}rables sont observ\'{e}es, notamment entre les cat\'{e}gories socio\'{e}conomiques, mais aussi entre les classes d'\^{a}ge. Pour d\'{e}passer ces constats et approfondir l'analyse segment\'{e}e des jeunes, des personae ont \'{e}t\'{e} constitu\'{e}s. Ainsi, sept profils de jeunes exclusifs les uns des autres sont d\'{e}gag\'{e}s, non pas dans l’objectif de ranger les jeunes dans des cases, mais pour proposer des solutions personnalis\'{e}es en fonction de leurs diff\'{e}rentes pratiques et valeurs. Les r\'{e}sultats de cette recherche permettent la formulation de recommandations concernant aussi bien les perspectives de communication climatique \`{a} l'\'{e}gard des jeunes que les perspectives politiques \`{a} mettre en oeuvre pour encourager leur participation. Ces recommandations sont formul\'{e}es de mani\`{e}re g\'{e}n\'{e}rale, mais aussi sp\'{e}cifiquement pour chaque persona identifi\'{e}e. Enfin, les recommandations \'{e}manant autant des jeunes eux-m\^{e}mes que des experts ayant r\'{e}alis\'{e} l’\'{e}tude.},
keywords = {},
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tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Comment les jeunes Belges envisagent-ils leur avenir ? Fil conducteur de cette recherche, cette question nous permet d'interroger les perspectives d'une jeunesse diverse. Ces perspectives touchent à la fois leur compréhension et leur perception des phénomènes associés aux changements climatiques, leurs manières de s'informer sur la question, ainsi que leur vision concernant l'éducation qu'ils ont reçue et l'avenir que leur réserve le marché du travail. Pour appréhender empiriquement ces questions, une double enquête de terrain a été conduite. Une première partie quantitative a permis de dégager des tendances de pratiques et de perceptions des différentes catégories de jeunes prétriés selon des critères sociodémographiques. Une seconde partie qualitative a permis d'affiner ces données grâce à des focus groups sondant l'opinion des jeunes Belges les plus précaires. Ce travail de terrain confirme la pertinence de considérer une grande diversité au sein du groupe social « jeune » (15-24 ans), puisque des différences considérables sont observées, notamment entre les catégories socioéconomiques, mais aussi entre les classes d'âge. Pour dépasser ces constats et approfondir l'analyse segmentée des jeunes, des personae ont été constitués. Ainsi, sept profils de jeunes exclusifs les uns des autres sont dégagés, non pas dans l’objectif de ranger les jeunes dans des cases, mais pour proposer des solutions personnalisées en fonction de leurs différentes pratiques et valeurs. Les résultats de cette recherche permettent la formulation de recommandations concernant aussi bien les perspectives de communication climatique à l'égard des jeunes que les perspectives politiques à mettre en oeuvre pour encourager leur participation. Ces recommandations sont formulées de manière générale, mais aussi spécifiquement pour chaque persona identifiée. Enfin, les recommandations émanant autant des jeunes eux-mêmes que des experts ayant réalisé l’étude.
Mavrot, Céline; Passard, Cédric; Lits, Grégoire
Paniques morales. 50 ans après Stanley Cohen Book
presses universitaires de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 2022, ISBN: 978-2-39061-217-9.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@book{boreal:262143,
title = {Paniques morales. 50 ans apr\`{e}s Stanley Cohen},
author = {C\'{e}line Mavrot and C\'{e}dric Passard and Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/262143},
isbn = {978-2-39061-217-9},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
publisher = {presses universitaires de Louvain},
address = {Louvain-la-Neuve},
abstract = {Il y a exactement 50 ans, le sociologue Stanley Cohen d\'{e}veloppait dans son livre Folk Devils and Moral Panics le concept de paniques morales. Il lui permettait d’analyser, dans une perspective interactionniste, comment des bagarres entre jeunes dans une station baln\'{e}aire anglaise de seconde zone aux alentours de l’ann\'{e}e 1964 avaient \'{e}t\'{e} consid\'{e}rablement amplifi\'{e}es par la presse et les m\'{e}dias de masse et avaient finalement conduit \`{a} un renforcement du contr\^{o}le social. Depuis, ce concept a largement essaim\'{e} dans diff\'{e}rents champs des sciences sociales (sociologie, SIC, science politique) mais \'{e}galement dans l’espace public. Comme pour d’autres notions \`{a} la crois\'{e}e du champ scientifique et du champ politico-m\'{e}diatique (populisme, complotisme…), le flou qui entoure ses usages et les multiples r\'{e}cup\'{e}rations dont elle fait l’objet interrogent sur sa nature, son int\'{e}r\^{e}t heuristique, et les conditions de son utilisation scientifique. Ce num\'{e}ro d’\'{E}mulations propose donc d’op\'{e}rer un retour r\'{e}flexif sur cette notion, son actualit\'{e} et sa pertinence pour les sciences sociales.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Il y a exactement 50 ans, le sociologue Stanley Cohen développait dans son livre Folk Devils and Moral Panics le concept de paniques morales. Il lui permettait d’analyser, dans une perspective interactionniste, comment des bagarres entre jeunes dans une station balnéaire anglaise de seconde zone aux alentours de l’année 1964 avaient été considérablement amplifiées par la presse et les médias de masse et avaient finalement conduit à un renforcement du contrôle social. Depuis, ce concept a largement essaimé dans différents champs des sciences sociales (sociologie, SIC, science politique) mais également dans l’espace public. Comme pour d’autres notions à la croisée du champ scientifique et du champ politico-médiatique (populisme, complotisme…), le flou qui entoure ses usages et les multiples récupérations dont elle fait l’objet interrogent sur sa nature, son intérêt heuristique, et les conditions de son utilisation scientifique. Ce numéro d’Émulations propose donc d’opérer un retour réflexif sur cette notion, son actualité et sa pertinence pour les sciences sociales.
Mavrot, Céline; Passard, Cédric; Lits, Grégoire
Paniques morales : requiem pour un concept ou second souffle ? Journal Article
In: Emulations - Revue de sciences sociales, vol. 15, no. 41, pp. 7-26, 2022, ISSN: 1784-5734.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:262144,
title = {Paniques morales : requiem pour un concept ou second souffle ?},
author = {C\'{e}line Mavrot and C\'{e}dric Passard and Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/262144},
doi = {10.14428/emulations.041.01},
issn = {1784-5734},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Emulations - Revue de sciences sociales},
volume = {15},
number = {41},
pages = {7-26},
publisher = {presses universitaires de Louvain},
abstract = {Ce num\'{e}ro th\'{e}matique trouve son origine dans le succ\`{e}s paradoxal de l’expression de « panique morale » qui sature l’espace m\'{e}diatique, mais dont les usages \'{e}lastiques permettent les appropriations les plus diverses. Comme pour d’autres notions \`{a} la crois\'{e}e du champ scientifique et du champ politico-m\'{e}diatique (populisme, complotisme…), le flou qui entoure ces usages et les multiples r\'{e}cup\'{e}rations dont cette notion fait l’objet interrogent en effet sur sa nature, son int\'{e}r\^{e}t heuristique, et les conditions de son utilisation scientifique. Ce num\'{e}ro propose donc d’op\'{e}rer un retour r\'{e}flexif sur la question des paniques morales.},
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}
Ce numéro thématique trouve son origine dans le succès paradoxal de l’expression de « panique morale » qui sature l’espace médiatique, mais dont les usages élastiques permettent les appropriations les plus diverses. Comme pour d’autres notions à la croisée du champ scientifique et du champ politico-médiatique (populisme, complotisme…), le flou qui entoure ces usages et les multiples récupérations dont cette notion fait l’objet interrogent en effet sur sa nature, son intérêt heuristique, et les conditions de son utilisation scientifique. Ce numéro propose donc d’opérer un retour réflexif sur la question des paniques morales.
Jacques, Jerry; Descampe, Antonin; Claes, Arnaud; Wiard, Victor
Automated media: key challenges and concepts for reception studies Proceedings Article
In: ECREA 2022 - 9th European Communication Conference, Aarhus, Danemark, 2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:266095,
title = {Automated media: key challenges and concepts for reception studies},
author = {Jerry Jacques and Antonin Descampe and Arnaud Claes and Victor Wiard},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078/266095},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {ECREA 2022 - 9th European Communication Conference},
address = {Aarhus, Danemark},
abstract = {The availability of large amounts and various types of data combined with recent advances in machine learning are increasingly used as a basis for automated decision-making to address complex problems in numerous contexts. In the media field, we observe that these technologies are able to (partially) automate each step of the information production workflow: collection and curation (e.g., story discovery, datamining, social media monitoring), production (e.g., content generation, video editing, data summarization), or distribution (e.g. conversational bots, personalised recommendation). These new techniques can be qualified as "automated media" as they have the particularity to organise and represent reality on the basis of rules established by their creators, but without their direct intervention or supervision. This major evolution triggers the development of new practices for both media workers and audiences. In this context, the objective of this ongoing research is to question the growing automation of our contemporary media environment by developing a theoretical framework for analysing how automation is perceived by users and how it affects their uses of media. This framework aims to better understand how the design given to these automated systems influence (1) users’ perceptions of their potentialities and (2) users' capacities to adopt a critical stance on automated media. To address these issues, we reviewed the scientific literature (e.g. Diakopoulos, 2019; Gehl \& Bakardjieva, 2017) in order to identify the different approaches existing on the topic of automated media. The result is the identification of two key concepts relevant for approaching the complexity of automated media and to study how users interact with them : incarnation and virtuality. We propose to define incarnation as the concretisation of a technical system into a defined set of representations and affordances designed to influence users’ mental models by leveraging characteristics usually attributed to humans (e.g., appearance, behaviour, use of speech, reasoning capabilities). Depending on the complexity of incarnation, users may be more or less inclined to speculate on the capabilities of the system and to interrogate the intent of their designers. The incarnation of automated media is also deeply related to their level of virtuality (L\'{e}vy, 1998), their capacity to offer a wide range of interaction opportunities that may mimic the complexity of human interactions. This theoretical framework may encourage the discussion within the scientific community on the impact of automated media. It also lays the ground for future empirical studies on their reception by audiences.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
The availability of large amounts and various types of data combined with recent advances in machine learning are increasingly used as a basis for automated decision-making to address complex problems in numerous contexts. In the media field, we observe that these technologies are able to (partially) automate each step of the information production workflow: collection and curation (e.g., story discovery, datamining, social media monitoring), production (e.g., content generation, video editing, data summarization), or distribution (e.g. conversational bots, personalised recommendation). These new techniques can be qualified as "automated media" as they have the particularity to organise and represent reality on the basis of rules established by their creators, but without their direct intervention or supervision. This major evolution triggers the development of new practices for both media workers and audiences. In this context, the objective of this ongoing research is to question the growing automation of our contemporary media environment by developing a theoretical framework for analysing how automation is perceived by users and how it affects their uses of media. This framework aims to better understand how the design given to these automated systems influence (1) users’ perceptions of their potentialities and (2) users' capacities to adopt a critical stance on automated media. To address these issues, we reviewed the scientific literature (e.g. Diakopoulos, 2019; Gehl & Bakardjieva, 2017) in order to identify the different approaches existing on the topic of automated media. The result is the identification of two key concepts relevant for approaching the complexity of automated media and to study how users interact with them : incarnation and virtuality. We propose to define incarnation as the concretisation of a technical system into a defined set of representations and affordances designed to influence users’ mental models by leveraging characteristics usually attributed to humans (e.g., appearance, behaviour, use of speech, reasoning capabilities). Depending on the complexity of incarnation, users may be more or less inclined to speculate on the capabilities of the system and to interrogate the intent of their designers. The incarnation of automated media is also deeply related to their level of virtuality (Lévy, 1998), their capacity to offer a wide range of interaction opportunities that may mimic the complexity of human interactions. This theoretical framework may encourage the discussion within the scientific community on the impact of automated media. It also lays the ground for future empirical studies on their reception by audiences.
Bogaert, Jérémie; Marneffe, Marie-Catherine; Descampe, Antonin; Standaert, François-Xavier
Automatic and Manual Detection of Generated News: Case Study, Limitations and Challenges Proceedings Article
In: Ionescu, Symeon Papadopoulos Giorgos Kordopatis-Zilos Bogdan (Ed.): MAD '22: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Multimedia AI against Disinformation, Newark NJ USA, 2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:263642,
title = {Automatic and Manual Detection of Generated News: Case Study, Limitations and Challenges},
author = {J\'{e}r\'{e}mie Bogaert and Marie-Catherine Marneffe and Antonin Descampe and Fran\c{c}ois-Xavier Standaert},
editor = {Symeon Papadopoulos Giorgos Kordopatis-Zilos Bogdan Ionescu},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/263642},
doi = {10.1145/3512732.3533589},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {MAD '22: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Multimedia AI against Disinformation},
address = {Newark NJ USA},
abstract = {In this paper, we study the exploitation of language generation models for disinformation purposes from two viewpoints. Quantitatively, we argue that language models hardly deal with domain adaptation (i.e., the ability to generate text on topics that are not part of a training database, as typically required for news). For this purpose, we show that both simple machine learning models and manual detection can spot machine-generated news in this practically-relevant context. Qualitatively, we put forward the differences between these automatic and manual detection processes, and their potential for a constructive interaction in order to limit the impact of automatic disinformation campaigns. We also discuss the consequences of these findings for the constructive use of natural language generation to produce news.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
In this paper, we study the exploitation of language generation models for disinformation purposes from two viewpoints. Quantitatively, we argue that language models hardly deal with domain adaptation (i.e., the ability to generate text on topics that are not part of a training database, as typically required for news). For this purpose, we show that both simple machine learning models and manual detection can spot machine-generated news in this practically-relevant context. Qualitatively, we put forward the differences between these automatic and manual detection processes, and their potential for a constructive interaction in order to limit the impact of automatic disinformation campaigns. We also discuss the consequences of these findings for the constructive use of natural language generation to produce news.
Escouflaire, Louis; Descampe, Antonin; Fairon, Cédrick
Detecting opinion in news. An automated analysis of linguistic subjectivity in French-language press articles Proceedings Article
In: 4th Biennial Conference of the Brussels Institute for Journalism Studies (BIJU) - A true and fair view, Brussels, Belgium, 2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:274754,
title = {Detecting opinion in news. An automated analysis of linguistic subjectivity in French-language press articles},
author = {Louis Escouflaire and Antonin Descampe and C\'{e}drick Fairon},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/274754},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {4th Biennial Conference of the Brussels Institute for Journalism Studies (BIJU) - A true and fair view},
address = {Brussels, Belgium},
abstract = {To better understand the link between the increasing polarization of opinions on social media and the subjectivity of the press, we aim to develop an algorithm for automatically evaluating how subjective French-language press articles are. Our research is set at the crossroads of journalism studies, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. We investigate the differences and overlaps between the notions of journalistic and linguistic subjectivity and draw up a state of the question of opinion classification of press articles. We define the subjectivity of a press article as the extent to which the textual content of the article is influenced by the personal opinions of its author. In practice, we present the results of three experiments on linguistic subjectivity. These experiments have been made using the recently released open-source RTBF Corpus, which contains over 750,000 press articles published by the Belgian French public service media. First, using statistical models and a sample of 10,000 news articles and opinion pieces, we identify the 18 most significant linguistic features for the classification of opinionated and non-opinionated press articles, and obtain a model with 89% accuracy. Second, we fine-tune on the same opinion vs. information task a transformer-based CamemBERT model, which reaches a classification accuracy of 97%, at the cost of a much poorer potential for explainability and a higher computational cost. Through different model explanation methods, we explore the possibility to extract linguistic patterns from the transformer-based model and to insert them into our rule-based linguistic model. Eventually, we conducted an annotation experiment involving 30 students in journalism who were asked to highlight “subjective elements” in 150 different press articles from the RTBF Corpus. The results of this annotation are analyzed, and the most highlighted tokens are compared with those on which the linguistic rule-based and the transformer-based rely for opinion classification. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of what influences the subjectivity of press articles, based on journalistic and linguistic theory, deep learning, and human understanding.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
To better understand the link between the increasing polarization of opinions on social media and the subjectivity of the press, we aim to develop an algorithm for automatically evaluating how subjective French-language press articles are. Our research is set at the crossroads of journalism studies, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. We investigate the differences and overlaps between the notions of journalistic and linguistic subjectivity and draw up a state of the question of opinion classification of press articles. We define the subjectivity of a press article as the extent to which the textual content of the article is influenced by the personal opinions of its author. In practice, we present the results of three experiments on linguistic subjectivity. These experiments have been made using the recently released open-source RTBF Corpus, which contains over 750,000 press articles published by the Belgian French public service media. First, using statistical models and a sample of 10,000 news articles and opinion pieces, we identify the 18 most significant linguistic features for the classification of opinionated and non-opinionated press articles, and obtain a model with 89% accuracy. Second, we fine-tune on the same opinion vs. information task a transformer-based CamemBERT model, which reaches a classification accuracy of 97%, at the cost of a much poorer potential for explainability and a higher computational cost. Through different model explanation methods, we explore the possibility to extract linguistic patterns from the transformer-based model and to insert them into our rule-based linguistic model. Eventually, we conducted an annotation experiment involving 30 students in journalism who were asked to highlight “subjective elements” in 150 different press articles from the RTBF Corpus. The results of this annotation are analyzed, and the most highlighted tokens are compared with those on which the linguistic rule-based and the transformer-based rely for opinion classification. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of what influences the subjectivity of press articles, based on journalistic and linguistic theory, deep learning, and human understanding.
Grevisse, Benoît
Décolonisation des Media Studies. L'apport de Marie-Soleil Frère. Proceedings Article
In: Colloque international d’hommage à Marie-Soleil Frère, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles., 2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:259727,
title = {D\'{e}colonisation des Media Studies. L'apport de Marie-Soleil Fr\`{e}re.},
author = {Beno\^{i}t Grevisse},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/259727},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {Colloque international d’hommage \`{a} Marie-Soleil Fr\`{e}re},
address = {Universit\'{e} Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles.},
abstract = {Apport de Marie-Soleil Fr\`{e}re en recherche et enseignement du journalisme en Afrique, au regard de l'\'{e}volution des approches d\'{e}ontologiques et \'{e}thiques.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Apport de Marie-Soleil Frère en recherche et enseignement du journalisme en Afrique, au regard de l'évolution des approches déontologiques et éthiques.
Standaert, Olivier
La responsabilité des lieux de formation dans l'insertion professionnelle Proceedings Article
In: 12e Conférence nationale des métiers du journalisme., Paris, 2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:273912,
title = {La responsabilit\'{e} des lieux de formation dans l'insertion professionnelle},
author = {Olivier Standaert},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/273912},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {12e Conf\'{e}rence nationale des m\'{e}tiers du journalisme.},
address = {Paris},
abstract = {-},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Escouflaire, Louis; Descampe, Antonin; Fairon, Cédrick
L’évolution de la subjectivité linguistique dans le journalisme web du XXIe siècle : analyse d’un corpus belge francophone d’articles de 2010 à 2021 Proceedings Article
In: JADT 2022 : 16th International Conference on Statistical Analysis of Textual Data, Naples, Italie, 2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:264729,
title = {L’\'{e}volution de la subjectivit\'{e} linguistique dans le journalisme web du XXIe si\`{e}cle : analyse d’un corpus belge francophone d’articles de 2010 \`{a} 2021},
author = {Louis Escouflaire and Antonin Descampe and C\'{e}drick Fairon},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/264729},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {JADT 2022 : 16th International Conference on Statistical Analysis of Textual Data},
address = {Naples, Italie},
abstract = {La pr\'{e}sence de la subjectivit\'{e} dans les articles d’information est devenue une probl\'{e}matique plus saillante depuis l’av\`{e}nement des plateformes socio-num\'{e}riques en tant que lieux de diffusion de l’information (Tucker et al., 2018). Afin d’examiner si la subjectivit\'{e} a \'{e}volu\'{e} dans le journalisme francophone ces derni\`{e}res ann\'{e}es, nous analysons 120 000 articles publi\'{e}s entre 2010 et 2021 par la RTBF, le m\'{e}dia de service public belge, \`{a} l’aide d’un algorithme utilisant plusieurs mesures linguistiques de la subjectivit\'{e}.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
La présence de la subjectivité dans les articles d’information est devenue une problématique plus saillante depuis l’avènement des plateformes socio-numériques en tant que lieux de diffusion de l’information (Tucker et al., 2018). Afin d’examiner si la subjectivité a évolué dans le journalisme francophone ces dernières années, nous analysons 120 000 articles publiés entre 2010 et 2021 par la RTBF, le média de service public belge, à l’aide d’un algorithme utilisant plusieurs mesures linguistiques de la subjectivité.
Descampe, Antonin
Machine learning methods to detect subjectivity in the news press: towards a multimodal approach based on text and images Proceedings Article
In: International Symposium - Augmented Images: New Challenges in the Era of Big Data Algorithms and Digital Environments, Liège, Belgium, 2022.
@inproceedings{boreal:266104,
title = {Machine learning methods to detect subjectivity in the news press: towards a multimodal approach based on text and images},
author = {Antonin Descampe},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/266104},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {International Symposium - Augmented Images: New Challenges in the Era of Big Data Algorithms and Digital Environments},
address = {Li\`{e}ge, Belgium},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Zecchinon, Pauline; Standaert, Olivier
The place of photography in changing newsrooms Proceedings Article
In: European Communication Research Association (ECREA) 9th Conference, Aarhus (Denmark), 2022.
@inproceedings{boreal:266013,
title = {The place of photography in changing newsrooms},
author = {Pauline Zecchinon and Olivier Standaert},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/266013},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {European Communication Research Association (ECREA) 9th Conference},
address = {Aarhus (Denmark)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Neveu, Erik; Mavrot, Céline; Passard, Cédric; Lits, Grégoire
Rock’n’roll, étiquetage et third-person effect : retour épistémologique sur la notion de panique morale Journal Article
In: Emulations - Revue de sciences sociales, vol. 15, no. 41, pp. 189-208, 2022, ISSN: 1784-5734.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:262145,
title = {Rock’n’roll, \'{e}tiquetage et third-person effect : retour \'{e}pist\'{e}mologique sur la notion de panique morale},
author = {Erik Neveu and C\'{e}line Mavrot and C\'{e}dric Passard and Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/262145},
doi = {10.14428/emulations.041.09},
issn = {1784-5734},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Emulations - Revue de sciences sociales},
volume = {15},
number = {41},
pages = {189-208},
publisher = {Universite Catholique de Louvain},
abstract = {N\'{e} en 1952, Erik Neveu est Professeur des Universit\'{e}s \'{e}m\'{e}rite en science politique \`{a} Sciences Po Rennes et chercheur au sein de l’\'{e}quipe ARENE-CNRS. Il revient dans cet entretien r\'{e}alis\'{e} en novembre-d\'{e}cembre 2021 sur l'importantion de la notion de panique morale dans l'espace des sciences sociales francophones.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Né en 1952, Erik Neveu est Professeur des Universités émérite en science politique à Sciences Po Rennes et chercheur au sein de l’équipe ARENE-CNRS. Il revient dans cet entretien réalisé en novembre-décembre 2021 sur l'importantion de la notion de panique morale dans l'espace des sciences sociales francophones.
Jeanmart, Hervé; Vanparys, Line; Jacques, Pierre; Dupont, Elise; Lits, Grégoire; Bartiaux, Françoise; Contino, Francesco
The energy transition cannot remain in a technological silo Proceedings Article
In: Conference on Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Research for Sustainable Development (second edition), Louvain-la-Neuve, 2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:271729,
title = {The energy transition cannot remain in a technological silo},
author = {Herv\'{e} Jeanmart and Line Vanparys and Pierre Jacques and Elise Dupont and Gr\'{e}goire Lits and Fran\c{c}oise Bartiaux and Francesco Contino},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/271729},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {Conference on Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Research for Sustainable Development (second edition)},
address = {Louvain-la-Neuve},
abstract = {What a pleasant feeling to stay in one’s comfort zone: working on a model of energy systems (EnergyScope) using sources, conversion technologies, and demands. But what a disturbing realization when one looks at the boundaries of such models: What is the realistic potential of renewables?, How would the demand for transport evolve?, What is the intrinsic link between energy and economy? Through several PhD theses, we have started addressing these questions. In this presentation, we will give you the first results and future directions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
What a pleasant feeling to stay in one’s comfort zone: working on a model of energy systems (EnergyScope) using sources, conversion technologies, and demands. But what a disturbing realization when one looks at the boundaries of such models: What is the realistic potential of renewables?, How would the demand for transport evolve?, What is the intrinsic link between energy and economy? Through several PhD theses, we have started addressing these questions. In this presentation, we will give you the first results and future directions.
Lits, Grégoire
Measuring Informational Vulnerability During the Covid-19 Epidemic.Insight from a Belgian Survey Proceedings Article
In: Aarhus media and communication MSC seminar, Aarhus university, 2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:270599,
title = {Measuring Informational Vulnerability During the Covid-19 Epidemic.Insight from a Belgian Survey},
author = {Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/270599},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {Aarhus media and communication MSC seminar},
address = {Aarhus university},
abstract = {covicom},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
covicom
Lits, Grégoire
Infodémie, un nouvel objet pour les sciences de l’information et de la communication ? Proceedings Article
In: Symposium “Épidémie, pandémie… Infodémie : l’autre urgence sanitaire”, paris Institut Pasteur, 2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:270596,
title = {Infod\'{e}mie, un nouvel objet pour les sciences de l’information et de la communication ?},
author = {Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/270596},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {Symposium “\'{E}pid\'{e}mie, pand\'{e}mie… Infod\'{e}mie : l’autre urgence sanitaire”},
address = {paris Institut Pasteur},
abstract = {presentation of the results of the covicom project},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
presentation of the results of the covicom project
Lits, Grégoire
Anxiety and (social) media effect during the pandemic. Insight from a multi-wave survey (2020-2022) in French-speaking Belgium Proceedings Article
In: ECREA Postconference: Digital media and information disorders, Aarhus university, 2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:270597,
title = {Anxiety and (social) media effect during the pandemic. Insight from a multi-wave survey (2020-2022) in French-speaking Belgium},
author = {Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/270597},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {ECREA Postconference: Digital media and information disorders},
address = {Aarhus university},
abstract = {presentation of covicom project},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
presentation of covicom project
Standaert, Olivier
De Max Weber aux Journalism Studies : histoire et contribution de la recherche sur le journalisme Book Chapter
In: Alexis, A. Granchet V. Devillard L. (Ed.): Le Manuel de journalisme, Ellipses, Paris, 2022, ISBN: 9782340070981.
@inbook{boreal:263875,
title = {De Max Weber aux Journalism Studies : histoire et contribution de la recherche sur le journalisme},
author = {Olivier Standaert},
editor = {A. Granchet V. Devillard L. Alexis},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/263875},
isbn = {9782340070981},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
booktitle = {Le Manuel de journalisme},
publisher = {Ellipses},
address = {Paris},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inbook}
}
2021
Grevisse, Benoît
Vérité et reconfiguration des rôles journalistiques Proceedings Article
In: Colloque international Journalisme et plateformes : Information, infomédiation et "fake news", IMSIC, Université d'Aix-Marseille, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:255785,
title = {V\'{e}rit\'{e} et reconfiguration des r\^{o}les journalistiques},
author = {Beno\^{i}t Grevisse},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/255785},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {Colloque international Journalisme et plateformes : Information, infom\'{e}diation et "fake news"},
address = {IMSIC, Universit\'{e} d'Aix-Marseille},
abstract = {Conf\'{e}rence introductive au colloque Colloque international Journalisme et plateformes : Information, infom\'{e}diation et "fake news"},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Conférence introductive au colloque Colloque international Journalisme et plateformes : Information, infomédiation et "fake news"
Coninck, David De; Frissen, Thomas; Matthijs, Koen; d’Haenens, Leen; Lits, Grégoire; Champagne-Poirier, Olivier; Carignan, Marie-Eve; David, Marc D.; Pignard-Cheynel, Nathalie; Salerno, Sébastien; Généreux, Melissa
In: Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 12, no. 646394, pp. 646394, 2021, ISSN: 1664-1078.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:245119,
title = {Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories and Misinformation About COVID-19: Comparative Perspectives on the Role of Anxiety, Depression and Exposure to and Trust in Information Sources},
author = {David De Coninck and Thomas Frissen and Koen Matthijs and Leen d’Haenens and Gr\'{e}goire Lits and Olivier Champagne-Poirier and Marie-Eve Carignan and Marc D. David and Nathalie Pignard-Cheynel and S\'{e}bastien Salerno and Melissa G\'{e}n\'{e}reux},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/245119},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646394},
issn = {1664-1078},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
volume = {12},
number = {646394},
pages = {646394},
publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
abstract = {While COVID-19 spreads aggressively and rapidly across the globe, many societies have also witnessed the spread of other viral phenomena like misinformation, conspiracy theories, and general mass suspicions about what is really going on. This study investigates how exposure to and trust in information sources, and anxiety and depression, are associated with conspiracy and misinformation beliefs in eight countries/regions (Belgium, Canada, England, Philippines, Hong Kong, New Zealand, United States, Switzerland) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected in an online survey fielded from May 29, 2020 to June 12, 2020, resulting in a multinational representative sample of 8,806 adult respondents. Results indicate that greater exposure to traditional media (television, radio, newspapers) is associated with lower conspiracy and misinformation beliefs, while exposure to politicians and digital media and personal contacts are associated with greater conspiracy and misinformation beliefs. Exposure to health experts is associated with lower conspiracy beliefs only. Higher feelings of depression are also associated with greater conspiracy and misinformation beliefs. We also found relevant group- and country differences. We discuss the implications of these results.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
While COVID-19 spreads aggressively and rapidly across the globe, many societies have also witnessed the spread of other viral phenomena like misinformation, conspiracy theories, and general mass suspicions about what is really going on. This study investigates how exposure to and trust in information sources, and anxiety and depression, are associated with conspiracy and misinformation beliefs in eight countries/regions (Belgium, Canada, England, Philippines, Hong Kong, New Zealand, United States, Switzerland) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected in an online survey fielded from May 29, 2020 to June 12, 2020, resulting in a multinational representative sample of 8,806 adult respondents. Results indicate that greater exposure to traditional media (television, radio, newspapers) is associated with lower conspiracy and misinformation beliefs, while exposure to politicians and digital media and personal contacts are associated with greater conspiracy and misinformation beliefs. Exposure to health experts is associated with lower conspiracy beliefs only. Higher feelings of depression are also associated with greater conspiracy and misinformation beliefs. We also found relevant group- and country differences. We discuss the implications of these results.
Heeren, Alexandre; Hanseeuw, Bernard; Cougnon, Louise-Amélie; Lits, Grégoire
Excessive Worrying as a Central Feature of Anxiety during the First COVID-19 Lockdown-Phase in Belgium: Insights from a Network Approach Journal Article
In: Psychologica Belgica, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 401, 2021, ISSN: 2054-670X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:255498,
title = {Excessive Worrying as a Central Feature of Anxiety during the First COVID-19 Lockdown-Phase in Belgium: Insights from a Network Approach},
author = {Alexandre Heeren and Bernard Hanseeuw and Louise-Am\'{e}lie Cougnon and Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/255498},
doi = {10.5334/pb.1069},
issn = {2054-670X},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Psychologica Belgica},
volume = {61},
number = {1},
pages = {401},
publisher = {Ubiquity Press, Ltd.},
abstract = {Since the WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has profoundly impacted public health and the economy worldwide. But there are not the only ones to be hit. The COVID-19 pandemic has also substantially altered mental health, with anxiety symptoms being one of the most frequently reported problems. Especially, the number of people reporting anxiety symptoms increased significantly during the first lockdown-phase compared to similar data collected before the pandemic. Yet, most of these studies relied on a unitary approach to anxiety, wherein its different constitutive features (i.e., symptoms) were tallied into one sum-score, thus ignoring any possibility of interactions between them. Therefore, in this study, we seek to map the associations between the core features of anxiety during the first weeks of the first Belgian COVID-19 lockdown-phase (n = 2,829). To do so, we implemented, in a preregistered fashion, two distinct computational network approaches: a Gaussian graphical model and a Bayesian network modelling approach to estimate a directed acyclic graph. Despite their varying assumptions, constraints, and computational methods to determine nodes (i.e., the variables) and edges (i.e., the relations between them), both approaches pointed to excessive worrying as a node playing an especially influential role in the network system of the anxiety features. Altogether, our findings offer novel data-driven clues for the ongoing field’s larger quest to examine, and eventually alleviate, the mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Since the WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has profoundly impacted public health and the economy worldwide. But there are not the only ones to be hit. The COVID-19 pandemic has also substantially altered mental health, with anxiety symptoms being one of the most frequently reported problems. Especially, the number of people reporting anxiety symptoms increased significantly during the first lockdown-phase compared to similar data collected before the pandemic. Yet, most of these studies relied on a unitary approach to anxiety, wherein its different constitutive features (i.e., symptoms) were tallied into one sum-score, thus ignoring any possibility of interactions between them. Therefore, in this study, we seek to map the associations between the core features of anxiety during the first weeks of the first Belgian COVID-19 lockdown-phase (n = 2,829). To do so, we implemented, in a preregistered fashion, two distinct computational network approaches: a Gaussian graphical model and a Bayesian network modelling approach to estimate a directed acyclic graph. Despite their varying assumptions, constraints, and computational methods to determine nodes (i.e., the variables) and edges (i.e., the relations between them), both approaches pointed to excessive worrying as a node playing an especially influential role in the network system of the anxiety features. Altogether, our findings offer novel data-driven clues for the ongoing field’s larger quest to examine, and eventually alleviate, the mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Kieffer, Suzanne; Lits, Grégoire
Raconter la pandémie de Covid-19 par ses chiffres. Les erreurs à ne pas commettre Journal Article
In: European Journalism Observatory, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:246827,
title = {Raconter la pand\'{e}mie de Covid-19 par ses chiffres. Les erreurs \`{a} ne pas commettre},
author = {Suzanne Kieffer and Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/246827},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {European Journalism Observatory},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1},
publisher = {Universit\'{e} de Neuchatel},
address = {Neuchatel},
abstract = {Depuis le mois de mars 2020, les journaux t\'{e}l\'{e}vis\'{e}s, mais aussi les unes de nos quotidiens mettent en sc\`{e}ne, presque quotidiennement, les chiffres de la pand\'{e}mie. Les taux d’incidence, nombres de d\'{e}c\`{e}s, pourcentage de vaccination et R0 sont des \'{e}l\'{e}ments centraux de la trame narrative du Covid-19. Les chiffres posent le d\'{e}cor et permettent de mesurer le succ\`{e}s des mesures prises par les gouvernements. Parfois, ils deviennent les personnages de l’intrigue lorsque la r\'{e}ouverture de certains secteurs d’activit\'{e}s ou la lev\'{e}e de certaines mesures d\'{e}pendent de leur \'{e}volution. D’une certaine mani\`{e}re ils sont le visage que les m\'{e}dias d’information donnent au virus, ils le r\'{e}ifient, et n’auront sans doute que tr\`{e}s rarement \'{e}t\'{e} autant utilis\'{e}s pour construire la repr\'{e}sentation m\'{e}diatique d’un \'{e}v\'{e}nement.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Depuis le mois de mars 2020, les journaux télévisés, mais aussi les unes de nos quotidiens mettent en scène, presque quotidiennement, les chiffres de la pandémie. Les taux d’incidence, nombres de décès, pourcentage de vaccination et R0 sont des éléments centraux de la trame narrative du Covid-19. Les chiffres posent le décor et permettent de mesurer le succès des mesures prises par les gouvernements. Parfois, ils deviennent les personnages de l’intrigue lorsque la réouverture de certains secteurs d’activités ou la levée de certaines mesures dépendent de leur évolution. D’une certaine manière ils sont le visage que les médias d’information donnent au virus, ils le réifient, et n’auront sans doute que très rarement été autant utilisés pour construire la représentation médiatique d’un événement.
Descampe, Antonin; Massart, Clément; Poelman, Simon; Standaert, François-Xavier; Standaert, Olivier
Automated News Recommendation in front of Adversarial Examples & the Technical Limits of Transparency in Algorithmic Accountability Journal Article
In: AI & Society. Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Communication, 2021, ISSN: 1435-5655.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:239730,
title = {Automated News Recommendation in front of Adversarial Examples \& the Technical Limits of Transparency in Algorithmic Accountability},
author = {Antonin Descampe and Cl\'{e}ment Massart and Simon Poelman and Fran\c{c}ois-Xavier Standaert and Olivier Standaert},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/239730},
issn = {1435-5655},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {AI \& Society. Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Communication},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {-},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Richter, Thomas; Fößel, Siegfried; Descampe, Antonin; Rouvroy, Gaël
Bayer CFA pattern compression with JPEG XS Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 6557-6569, 2021, ISSN: 1941-0042.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:249445,
title = {Bayer CFA pattern compression with JPEG XS},
author = {Thomas Richter and Siegfried F\"{o}\ssel and Antonin Descampe and Ga\"{e}l Rouvroy},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/249445},
doi = {10.1109/TIP.2021.3095421},
issn = {1941-0042},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Image Processing},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {6557-6569},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {While traditional image compression algorithms take a full three-component color representation of an image as input, capturing of such images is done in many applications with Bayer CFA pattern sensors that provide only a single color information per sensor element and position. In order to avoid additional complexity at the encoder side, such CFA pattern images can be compressed directly without prior conversion to a full color image. In this paper, we describe a recent activity of the JPEG committee (ISO SC 29 WG 1) to develop such a compression algorithm in the framework of JPEG XS. It turns out that it is important to understand the “development process” from CFA patterns to full color images in order to optimize the image quality of such a compression algorithm, which we will also describe shortly. We introduce (1) a novel decorrelation step upfront processing (the so-called Star-Tetrix transform), along with (2) a pre-emphasis function to improve the compression efficiency of the subsequent compression algorithm (here, JPEG XS). Our experiments clearly indicate a gain over a RGB compression workflow in terms of complexity and quality (between 1.5dB and more than 4dB depending on the target bitrate). A comparison is also made with other state-of-the-art CFA compression techniques.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
While traditional image compression algorithms take a full three-component color representation of an image as input, capturing of such images is done in many applications with Bayer CFA pattern sensors that provide only a single color information per sensor element and position. In order to avoid additional complexity at the encoder side, such CFA pattern images can be compressed directly without prior conversion to a full color image. In this paper, we describe a recent activity of the JPEG committee (ISO SC 29 WG 1) to develop such a compression algorithm in the framework of JPEG XS. It turns out that it is important to understand the “development process” from CFA patterns to full color images in order to optimize the image quality of such a compression algorithm, which we will also describe shortly. We introduce (1) a novel decorrelation step upfront processing (the so-called Star-Tetrix transform), along with (2) a pre-emphasis function to improve the compression efficiency of the subsequent compression algorithm (here, JPEG XS). Our experiments clearly indicate a gain over a RGB compression workflow in terms of complexity and quality (between 1.5dB and more than 4dB depending on the target bitrate). A comparison is also made with other state-of-the-art CFA compression techniques.
Standaert, Olivier
Beyond the family resemblance. Mapping the normative roles of journalists across Europe Journal Article
In: The International Journal of Press / Politics, vol. 27, no. (1), pp. 58-75, 2021, ISSN: 1940-1620.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:239091,
title = {Beyond the family resemblance. Mapping the normative roles of journalists across Europe},
author = {Olivier Standaert},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/239091},
doi = {10.1177/1940161221994093},
issn = {1940-1620},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {The International Journal of Press / Politics},
volume = {27},
number = {(1)},
pages = {58-75},
publisher = {Sage Publications, Inc.},
abstract = {-},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Descampe, Antonin; Richter, Thomas; Ebrahimi, Touradj; Foessel, Siegfried; Keinert, Joachim; Bruylants, Tim; Pellegrin, Pascal; Buysschaert, Charles; Rouvroy, Gael
JPEG XS - A New Standard for Visually Lossless Low-Latency Lightweight Image Coding Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 109, no. 9, pp. 1559-1577, 2021, ISSN: 1558-2256.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:248275,
title = {JPEG XS - A New Standard for Visually Lossless Low-Latency Lightweight Image Coding},
author = {Antonin Descampe and Thomas Richter and Touradj Ebrahimi and Siegfried Foessel and Joachim Keinert and Tim Bruylants and Pascal Pellegrin and Charles Buysschaert and Gael Rouvroy},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/248275},
doi = {10.1109/jproc.2021.3080916},
issn = {1558-2256},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE},
volume = {109},
number = {9},
pages = {1559-1577},
publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},
abstract = {JPEG XS is a new International Standard from the JPEG Committee (formally known as ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1). It defines an interoperable, visually lossless low-latency lightweight image coding that can be used for mezzanine compression within any AV market. Among the targeted use cases, one can cite video transport over professional video links (SDI, IP, Ethernet), real-time video storage, memory buffers, omnidirectional video capture and rendering, and sensor compression (for example in cameras and in the automotive industry). The Core Coding System is composed of an optional color transform, a wavelet transform and a novel entropy encoder, processing groups of coefficients by coding their magnitude level and packing the magnitude refinement. Such a design allows for visually transparent quality at moderate compression ratios, scalable end-to-end latency that ranges from less than one line to a maximum of 32 lines of the image, and a low complexity real-time implementation in ASIC, FPGA, CPU and GPU. This paper details the key features of this new standard and the profiles and formats that have been defined so far for the various applications. It also gives a technical description of the Core Coding System. Finally, the latest performance evaluation results of recent implementations of the standard are presented, followed by the current status of the ongoing standardization process and future milestones.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
JPEG XS is a new International Standard from the JPEG Committee (formally known as ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1). It defines an interoperable, visually lossless low-latency lightweight image coding that can be used for mezzanine compression within any AV market. Among the targeted use cases, one can cite video transport over professional video links (SDI, IP, Ethernet), real-time video storage, memory buffers, omnidirectional video capture and rendering, and sensor compression (for example in cameras and in the automotive industry). The Core Coding System is composed of an optional color transform, a wavelet transform and a novel entropy encoder, processing groups of coefficients by coding their magnitude level and packing the magnitude refinement. Such a design allows for visually transparent quality at moderate compression ratios, scalable end-to-end latency that ranges from less than one line to a maximum of 32 lines of the image, and a low complexity real-time implementation in ASIC, FPGA, CPU and GPU. This paper details the key features of this new standard and the profiles and formats that have been defined so far for the various applications. It also gives a technical description of the Core Coding System. Finally, the latest performance evaluation results of recent implementations of the standard are presented, followed by the current status of the ongoing standardization process and future milestones.
Descampe, Antonin; Standaert, François-Xavier
Transparents mais corruptibles : les algorithmes au défi des comportements « adversariaux » dans le domaine journalistique Journal Article
In: Les Cahiers du journalisme - Recherches, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. R39-R66, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:265063,
title = {Transparents mais corruptibles : les algorithmes au d\'{e}fi des comportements « adversariaux » dans le domaine journalistique},
author = {Antonin Descampe and Fran\c{c}ois-Xavier Standaert},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/265063},
doi = {10.31188/CaJsm.2(7).2021.R039},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Les Cahiers du journalisme - Recherches},
volume = {2},
number = {7},
pages = {R39-R66},
abstract = {Dans le domaine du journalisme computationnel, l’automatisation de la production de l’information invite \`{a} s’interroger sur la pertinence des d\'{e}cisions automatiques et les moyens de la garantir. Cette « responsabilit\'{e} algorithmique » est souvent ramen\'{e}e \`{a} une question de transparence, garantissant qu’un algorithme a \'{e}t\'{e} con\c{c}u de mani\`{e}re conforme \`{a} l’intention affich\'{e}e. Deux \'{e}tudes de cas impliquant une cat\'{e}gorisation automatique d’articles de presse montrent pourtant que la transparence n’est pas suffisante : des exemples « adversariaux » sont en mesure de d\'{e}tourner un algorithme de son comportement attendu. Ce constat appelle \`{a} inclure dans l’\'{e}valuation de la performance d’un algorithme la robustesse face \`{a} d’\'{e}ventuels comportements « adversariaux ». Les difficult\'{e}s techniques pos\'{e}es par cette robustesse plaident notamment pour une implication accrue des journalistes comme garants des d\'{e}cisions automatiques.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dans le domaine du journalisme computationnel, l’automatisation de la production de l’information invite à s’interroger sur la pertinence des décisions automatiques et les moyens de la garantir. Cette « responsabilité algorithmique » est souvent ramenée à une question de transparence, garantissant qu’un algorithme a été conçu de manière conforme à l’intention affichée. Deux études de cas impliquant une catégorisation automatique d’articles de presse montrent pourtant que la transparence n’est pas suffisante : des exemples « adversariaux » sont en mesure de détourner un algorithme de son comportement attendu. Ce constat appelle à inclure dans l’évaluation de la performance d’un algorithme la robustesse face à d’éventuels comportements « adversariaux ». Les difficultés techniques posées par cette robustesse plaident notamment pour une implication accrue des journalistes comme garants des décisions automatiques.
Lits, Grégoire; Cougnon, Louise-Amélie; Heeren, Alexandre; Hanseeuw, Bernard
2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@techreport{boreal:246777,
title = {Infod\'{e}mie et vuln\'{e}rabilit\'{e} informationnelle li\'{e}e au Covid-19 en Belgique francophone. Pratiques d’information, confiance envers les m\'{e}dias, les experts et les gouvernements, adh\'{e}sion aux mesures, h\'{e}sitation vaccinale, perception du risque, m\'{e}sinformation et conspiration},
author = {Gr\'{e}goire Lits and Louise-Am\'{e}lie Cougnon and Alexandre Heeren and Bernard Hanseeuw},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/246777},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
abstract = {L’objectif principal de ce rapport est de v\'{e}rifier l’hypoth\`{e}se selon laquelle l’adoption d’une pratique active de recherche d’information li\'{e}e \`{a} la crise sanitaire sur les r\'{e}seaux sociaux, peut \^{e}tre comprise comme une pratique \`{a} risque dans l’infod\'{e}mie. Un second objectif est d’identifier l’existence de diff\'{e}rents profils de vuln\'{e}rabilit\'{e} dans l’infod\'{e}mie et de comprendre les pratiques d’information associ\'{e}es \`{a} ces diff\'{e}rents profils \`{a} risque de m\'{e}sinformation. La d\'{e}marche adopt\'{e}e est donc d’abord une approche comparative entre diff\'{e}rents types de profil. Il ne s’agit pas de r\'{e}aliser une \'{e}tude longitudinale repr\'{e}sentative de l’\'{e}volution du v\'{e}cu de la crise de la population belge francophone. L’enqu\^{e}te CoviCom est une enqu\^{e}te par questionnaire en quatre vagues qui a \'{e}t\'{e} men\'{e}e en Belgique francophone entre le 30 mars 2020 (soit 12 jours apr\`{e}s l’entr\'{e}e en vigueur du premier confinement en Belgique) et le 29 mars 2021. Au total, l’enqu\^{e}te a collect\'{e} 10.148 r\'{e}ponses aux quatre vagues de l’enqu\^{e}te (avril 2020 confinement, mai 2020 d\'{e}confinement, novembre 2020 seconde vague \'{e}pid\'{e}mie et mars 2021 troisi\`{e}me vagues \'{e}pid\'{e}mie).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
L’objectif principal de ce rapport est de vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’adoption d’une pratique active de recherche d’information liée à la crise sanitaire sur les réseaux sociaux, peut être comprise comme une pratique à risque dans l’infodémie. Un second objectif est d’identifier l’existence de différents profils de vulnérabilité dans l’infodémie et de comprendre les pratiques d’information associées à ces différents profils à risque de mésinformation. La démarche adoptée est donc d’abord une approche comparative entre différents types de profil. Il ne s’agit pas de réaliser une étude longitudinale représentative de l’évolution du vécu de la crise de la population belge francophone. L’enquête CoviCom est une enquête par questionnaire en quatre vagues qui a été menée en Belgique francophone entre le 30 mars 2020 (soit 12 jours après l’entrée en vigueur du premier confinement en Belgique) et le 29 mars 2021. Au total, l’enquête a collecté 10.148 réponses aux quatre vagues de l’enquête (avril 2020 confinement, mai 2020 déconfinement, novembre 2020 seconde vague épidémie et mars 2021 troisième vagues épidémie).
Généreux, Mélissa; Schluter, Philip J.; Landaverde, Elsa; Hung, Kevin KC; Wong, Chi Shing; Mok, Catherine Pui Yin; Blouin-Genest, Gabriel; O’Sullivan, Tracey; David, Marc D.; Carignan, Marie-Eve; Champagne-Poirier, Olivier; Pignard-Cheynel, Nathalie; Salerno, Sébastien; Lits, Grégoire; d’Haenens, Leen; Coninck, David De; Matthys, Koenraad; Champagne, Eric; Burlone, Nathalie; Qadar, Zeeshan; Herbosa, Teodoro; Ribeiro-Alves, Gleisse; Law, Ronald; Murray, Virginia; Chan, Emily Ying Yang; Roy, Mathieu
The Evolution in Anxiety and Depression with the Progression of the Pandemic in Adult Populations from Eight Countries and Four Continents Journal Article
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 4845, 2021, ISSN: 1660-4601.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:245781,
title = {The Evolution in Anxiety and Depression with the Progression of the Pandemic in Adult Populations from Eight Countries and Four Continents},
author = {M\'{e}lissa G\'{e}n\'{e}reux and Philip J. Schluter and Elsa Landaverde and Kevin KC Hung and Chi Shing Wong and Catherine Pui Yin Mok and Gabriel Blouin-Genest and Tracey O’Sullivan and Marc D. David and Marie-Eve Carignan and Olivier Champagne-Poirier and Nathalie Pignard-Cheynel and S\'{e}bastien Salerno and Gr\'{e}goire Lits and Leen d’Haenens and David De Coninck and Koenraad Matthys and Eric Champagne and Nathalie Burlone and Zeeshan Qadar and Teodoro Herbosa and Gleisse Ribeiro-Alves and Ronald Law and Virginia Murray and Emily Ying Yang Chan and Mathieu Roy},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/245781},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph18094845},
issn = {1660-4601},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {4845},
publisher = {MDPI AG},
abstract = {Nearly a year after the classification of the COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic, it is clear that different factors have contributed to an increase in psychological disorders, including public health measures that infringe on personal freedoms, growing financial losses, and conflicting messages. This study examined the evolution of psychosocial impacts with the progression of the pandemic in adult populations from different countries and continents, and identified, among a wide range of individual and country-level factors, which ones are contributing to this evolving psychological response. An online survey was conducted in May/June 2020 and in November 2020, among a sample of 17,833 adults (Phase 1: 8806; Phase 2: 9027) from eight countries/regions (Canada, the United States, England, Switzerland, Belgium, Hong Kong, the Philippines, New Zealand). Probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episode (MDE) were assessed. The independent role of potential factors was examined using multilevel logistic regression. Probable GAD or MDE was indicated by 30.1% and 32.5% of the respondents during phases 1 and 2, respectively (a 7.9% increase over time), with an important variation according to countries/regions (range from 22.3% in Switzerland to 38.8% in the Philippines). This proportion exceeded 50% among young adults (18\textendash24 years old) in all countries except for Switzerland. Beyond young age, several factors negatively influenced mental health in times of pandemic; important factors were found, including weak sense of coherence (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 3.89), false beliefs (aOR = 2.33), and self-isolation/quarantine (aOR = 2.01). The world has entered a new era dominated by psychological suffering and rising demand for mental health interventions, along a continuum from health promotion to specialized healthcare. More than ever, we need to innovate and build interventions aimed at strengthening key protective factors, such as sense of coherence, in the fight against the adversity caused by the concurrent pandemic and infodemic.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nearly a year after the classification of the COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic, it is clear that different factors have contributed to an increase in psychological disorders, including public health measures that infringe on personal freedoms, growing financial losses, and conflicting messages. This study examined the evolution of psychosocial impacts with the progression of the pandemic in adult populations from different countries and continents, and identified, among a wide range of individual and country-level factors, which ones are contributing to this evolving psychological response. An online survey was conducted in May/June 2020 and in November 2020, among a sample of 17,833 adults (Phase 1: 8806; Phase 2: 9027) from eight countries/regions (Canada, the United States, England, Switzerland, Belgium, Hong Kong, the Philippines, New Zealand). Probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive episode (MDE) were assessed. The independent role of potential factors was examined using multilevel logistic regression. Probable GAD or MDE was indicated by 30.1% and 32.5% of the respondents during phases 1 and 2, respectively (a 7.9% increase over time), with an important variation according to countries/regions (range from 22.3% in Switzerland to 38.8% in the Philippines). This proportion exceeded 50% among young adults (18–24 years old) in all countries except for Switzerland. Beyond young age, several factors negatively influenced mental health in times of pandemic; important factors were found, including weak sense of coherence (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 3.89), false beliefs (aOR = 2.33), and self-isolation/quarantine (aOR = 2.01). The world has entered a new era dominated by psychological suffering and rising demand for mental health interventions, along a continuum from health promotion to specialized healthcare. More than ever, we need to innovate and build interventions aimed at strengthening key protective factors, such as sense of coherence, in the fight against the adversity caused by the concurrent pandemic and infodemic.
Lits, Grégoire
Informational vulnerability, news avoidance and informational bulimia as dimensions of the Covid-19 infodemic in French-speaking Belgium Proceedings Article
In: Seminaire ENGAGE, Université Saint-Louis, Bruxelles, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:252319,
title = {Informational vulnerability, news avoidance and informational bulimia as dimensions of the Covid-19 infodemic in French-speaking Belgium},
author = {Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/252319},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {Seminaire ENGAGE},
address = {Universit\'{e} Saint-Louis, Bruxelles},
abstract = {This presentation will focus on the interest of the notion of informational vulnerability in the context of research on misinformation and disinformation. The discussion of the concept and the underlying research approach will be supported by the presentation of the results of a multi-wave quantitative survey about, anxiety, news consumption and trust in information sources conducted during the first year of the Covid-19 crisis in French-speaking Belgium, as well as by the presentation of the preliminary results of a qualitative survey conducted among people with an information vulnerability profile.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
This presentation will focus on the interest of the notion of informational vulnerability in the context of research on misinformation and disinformation. The discussion of the concept and the underlying research approach will be supported by the presentation of the results of a multi-wave quantitative survey about, anxiety, news consumption and trust in information sources conducted during the first year of the Covid-19 crisis in French-speaking Belgium, as well as by the presentation of the preliminary results of a qualitative survey conducted among people with an information vulnerability profile.
Lits, Grégoire
Social acceptance in energy studies Proceedings Article
In: NextMGT Winter School - City university of London, London (online), 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:245252,
title = {Social acceptance in energy studies},
author = {Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/245252},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {NextMGT Winter School - City university of London},
address = {London (online)},
abstract = {State of the art on the notion of social acceptance in (renewable) energy studies and its potentiel for combustion studies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
State of the art on the notion of social acceptance in (renewable) energy studies and its potentiel for combustion studies.
Lits, Grégoire
Understanding Public Distrust in Legacy Media in Time of Crisis. Results From One Qualitative and Two Quantitative Surveys in Belgium Proceedings Article
In: 15th ESA Conference, Barcelona, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:251735,
title = {Understanding Public Distrust in Legacy Media in Time of Crisis. Results From One Qualitative and Two Quantitative Surveys in Belgium},
author = {Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/251735},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {15th ESA Conference},
address = {Barcelona},
abstract = {Drawing on two multiwave quantitative surveys realized among representative samples of the Belgian populations between March 2020 and November 2020 (N=2977;2565;2162) \& N=1014;1016) and on 30 qualitative interviews realized with Belgians who openly distrust legacy media and believe in constipations theories about the Covid-19 pandemics, this paper will analyze the way in which French-speaking Belgians informed themselves throughout the first year of the COVID-19 crisis and their assessment of the role of traditional media in the fight against the epidemic. Different variables were questioned within the quantitative surveys (level of confidence in the different sources of information, frequency of consultation of traditional media and social media, adherence to pandemic control measures and vaccination, belief in conspiracy theories, level of anxiety) making it possible to identify four different informational vulnerability profiles (Kleis Nielsen et al.2020). The quantitative multi-wave analysis also revealed a significant increase in mistrust of the traditional news media growing through the pandemic. This mistrust was also illustrated in Belgium by a controversy on the complacency of the media towards political and economic power launched by the diffusion of a critical documentary which had a very important diffusion in Belgium on different social media (more than 1 million views out of 4 million inhabitants). The results of the qualitative survey will allow us to develop a comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon of mistrust towards traditional media. It will also allow us to critically asses how the role of information legacy media in society has evolve at a time when the circulation of information in society has been profoundly modified by the massification of the use of social networks.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Drawing on two multiwave quantitative surveys realized among representative samples of the Belgian populations between March 2020 and November 2020 (N=2977;2565;2162) & N=1014;1016) and on 30 qualitative interviews realized with Belgians who openly distrust legacy media and believe in constipations theories about the Covid-19 pandemics, this paper will analyze the way in which French-speaking Belgians informed themselves throughout the first year of the COVID-19 crisis and their assessment of the role of traditional media in the fight against the epidemic. Different variables were questioned within the quantitative surveys (level of confidence in the different sources of information, frequency of consultation of traditional media and social media, adherence to pandemic control measures and vaccination, belief in conspiracy theories, level of anxiety) making it possible to identify four different informational vulnerability profiles (Kleis Nielsen et al.2020). The quantitative multi-wave analysis also revealed a significant increase in mistrust of the traditional news media growing through the pandemic. This mistrust was also illustrated in Belgium by a controversy on the complacency of the media towards political and economic power launched by the diffusion of a critical documentary which had a very important diffusion in Belgium on different social media (more than 1 million views out of 4 million inhabitants). The results of the qualitative survey will allow us to develop a comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon of mistrust towards traditional media. It will also allow us to critically asses how the role of information legacy media in society has evolve at a time when the circulation of information in society has been profoundly modified by the massification of the use of social networks.
Standaert, Olivier
News Media and Trust in Times of Crisis Proceedings Article
In: Evidence and Democracy in Times of Crisis, Oslo, 2021.
@inproceedings{boreal:257130,
title = {News Media and Trust in Times of Crisis},
author = {Olivier Standaert},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/257130},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {Evidence and Democracy in Times of Crisis},
address = {Oslo},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Bogaert, Jérémie; Carbonnelle, Quentin; Descampe, Antonin; Standaert, François-Xavier
Can Fake News Detection be Accountable? The Adversarial Examples Challenge Proceedings Article
In: 41st WIC Symposium on Information Theory in the Benelux, Online, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:248281,
title = {Can Fake News Detection be Accountable? The Adversarial Examples Challenge},
author = {J\'{e}r\'{e}mie Bogaert and Quentin Carbonnelle and Antonin Descampe and Fran\c{c}ois-Xavier Standaert},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/248281},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {41st WIC Symposium on Information Theory in the Benelux},
address = {Online},
abstract = {Automated fake news detection is an important challenge in view of the increasing ability of statistical language models to generate large amounts of (possibly fake) articles, so that recognizing them manually becomes unrealistic. Yet, the reliable deployment of such automated detection tools would require ensuring that they are accountable. Algorithmic accountability is known to be difficult to reach, especially when adversarial behaviors aim to make algorithms deviate from their expected mode of operation. In this paper, we illustrate with a case study that this challenge is further amplified in contexts where the labeling of the articles is prone to errors, which is the case of fake news detection},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Automated fake news detection is an important challenge in view of the increasing ability of statistical language models to generate large amounts of (possibly fake) articles, so that recognizing them manually becomes unrealistic. Yet, the reliable deployment of such automated detection tools would require ensuring that they are accountable. Algorithmic accountability is known to be difficult to reach, especially when adversarial behaviors aim to make algorithms deviate from their expected mode of operation. In this paper, we illustrate with a case study that this challenge is further amplified in contexts where the labeling of the articles is prone to errors, which is the case of fake news detection
Rivière, Priscille; Lebrun, Anne-Laure; Denat-Turgis, Emilie; Lits, Grégoire
Lutter contre la désinformation en période de pandémie : l'exemple de la vaccination Proceedings Article
In: Science & You 2021, Metz, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:253791,
title = {Lutter contre la d\'{e}sinformation en p\'{e}riode de pand\'{e}mie : l'exemple de la vaccination},
author = {Priscille Rivi\`{e}re and Anne-Laure Lebrun and Emilie Denat-Turgis and Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/253791},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {Science \& You 2021},
address = {Metz},
abstract = {Table ronde organis\'{e}e par le service communication de l'INSERM (France) autour de la lutte contre la d\'{e}sinformation dans le cadre de la mise en place de strat\'{e}gies de vaccination.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Table ronde organisée par le service communication de l'INSERM (France) autour de la lutte contre la désinformation dans le cadre de la mise en place de stratégies de vaccination.
Lits, Grégoire
La glocalisation de la participation citoyenne sur la gestion des déchets radioactifs en Europe Proceedings Article
In: XXIIème congrès de la SFSIC Société Française des Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication, Grenoble, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:251738,
title = {La glocalisation de la participation citoyenne sur la gestion des d\'{e}chets radioactifs en Europe},
author = {Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/251738},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {XXII\`{e}me congr\`{e}s de la SFSIC Soci\'{e}t\'{e} Fran\c{c}aise des Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication},
address = {Grenoble},
abstract = {Pr\'{e}sentation de recherche sur la production d'expertise sur la participation citoyenne dans les groupes de travail "gestion des d\'{e}chets radioactifs" de la NEA/OCDE.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Présentation de recherche sur la production d'expertise sur la participation citoyenne dans les groupes de travail "gestion des déchets radioactifs" de la NEA/OCDE.
Standaert, Olivier
Print Media in Small Markets: Headed for Extinction? An Interactionist View of the Future of the Belgian Market Through the Economic Situation of Publishers and Newsagents Proceedings Article
In: 71st Annual International Communication Association (ICA) Conference, Denver, 2021.
@inproceedings{boreal:245883,
title = {Print Media in Small Markets: Headed for Extinction? An Interactionist View of the Future of the Belgian Market Through the Economic Situation of Publishers and Newsagents},
author = {Olivier Standaert},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/245883},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {71st Annual International Communication Association (ICA) Conference},
address = {Denver},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Anciaux, Amélie; Lits, Grégoire
Smart and Social Home Care: a Sustainable Solution at the Crossroads of Technology and Public Health and Social Sciences Proceedings Article
In: 15th ESA Conference, Barcelona, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:251733,
title = {Smart and Social Home Care: a Sustainable Solution at the Crossroads of Technology and Public Health and Social Sciences},
author = {Am\'{e}lie Anciaux and Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/251733},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {15th ESA Conference},
address = {Barcelona},
abstract = {The intensification of ageing of the Belgian population will be a major challenge in the coming years. The current system, where elderly people live in elderly care homes will not be sustainable in this growing context because of the lack of infrastructure and personnel, but also because it is too expensive to maintain it at such large scale. For this reason, the nature of the aid provided to elderly people needs a radically change, with a major shift towards home care (assisted living) as compared to care homes. This trend also responds to the wishes of a majority of people in Belgium which want to grow old at home, connected with their community. This paper presents the first results of an interdisciplinary (sociology/engineering) research project aiming at developing an integrated and secure home care technological solution centred around the elderly and her/his social care network. The solution combines smart home (IoT) solutions together with communication technologies, enabling the cooperation and communication between the care network (family, professional, neighbours…) and the elderly. We will present the analysis of the first qualitative phase of the project aiming at understanding the discrepancies between elderlies’ perceptions of intelligent and social homecare solutions, and perceptions of other members of their care network. This analysis will contribute to the field of critical data studies and ageing sociology by interrogating the perception of digitalisation of care, and its risk of dehumanisation (Lits et al. 2017; Bourguignon et al. 2016), through an original methodology based on crossed interviews from social care network.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
The intensification of ageing of the Belgian population will be a major challenge in the coming years. The current system, where elderly people live in elderly care homes will not be sustainable in this growing context because of the lack of infrastructure and personnel, but also because it is too expensive to maintain it at such large scale. For this reason, the nature of the aid provided to elderly people needs a radically change, with a major shift towards home care (assisted living) as compared to care homes. This trend also responds to the wishes of a majority of people in Belgium which want to grow old at home, connected with their community. This paper presents the first results of an interdisciplinary (sociology/engineering) research project aiming at developing an integrated and secure home care technological solution centred around the elderly and her/his social care network. The solution combines smart home (IoT) solutions together with communication technologies, enabling the cooperation and communication between the care network (family, professional, neighbours…) and the elderly. We will present the analysis of the first qualitative phase of the project aiming at understanding the discrepancies between elderlies’ perceptions of intelligent and social homecare solutions, and perceptions of other members of their care network. This analysis will contribute to the field of critical data studies and ageing sociology by interrogating the perception of digitalisation of care, and its risk of dehumanisation (Lits et al. 2017; Bourguignon et al. 2016), through an original methodology based on crossed interviews from social care network.
Pignard-Cheynel, Nathalie; Standaert, Olivier; Amigo, Laura; Sebbah, Brigitte
Reinventing the wheel? How local newsrooms try (or not) to rethink their relationships with their audiences Proceedings Article
In: The Future of Journalism Conference, Cardiff, 2021.
@inproceedings{boreal:251188,
title = {Reinventing the wheel? How local newsrooms try (or not) to rethink their relationships with their audiences},
author = {Nathalie Pignard-Cheynel and Olivier Standaert and Laura Amigo and Brigitte Sebbah},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/251188},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {The Future of Journalism Conference},
address = {Cardiff},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Lits, Grégoire
Infodémie et vulnérabilité informationnelle liée au COVID-19 en Blagique francophone Proceedings Article
In: Chaire de recherche en francophonie internationale sur les technologies numériques en santé, Ottawa (en ligne), 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@inproceedings{boreal:251736,
title = {Infod\'{e}mie et vuln\'{e}rabilit\'{e} informationnelle li\'{e}e au COVID-19 en Blagique francophone},
author = {Gr\'{e}goire Lits},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/251736},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
booktitle = {Chaire de recherche en francophonie internationale sur les technologies num\'{e}riques en sant\'{e}},
address = {Ottawa (en ligne)},
abstract = {Pr\'{e}sentation des r\'{e}sultats du projet CoviCom.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Présentation des résultats du projet CoviCom.
2020
Standaert, Olivier; Mertens, Stefan; d'Haenens, Leen; Grevisse, Benoît
Print media: headed for extinction? How the economic situation of newsagents may reshape the future of the Belgian daily newspaper market Journal Article
In: Journal of Media Business Studies, 2020, ISSN: 2376-2977.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags:
@article{boreal:239085,
title = {Print media: headed for extinction? How the economic situation of newsagents may reshape the future of the Belgian daily newspaper market},
author = {Olivier Standaert and Stefan Mertens and Leen d'Haenens and Beno\^{i}t Grevisse},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/239085},
issn = {2376-2977},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Media Business Studies},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
address = {London},
abstract = {-},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}