Aims

Describe the different manipulations applied to vegetal cells and to plants, the results obtained and the consequences that we can hope for, for a better knowledge of plants and for their improvement.
Concerns: mandatory in BIOL22.4

Main themes

1/ In vitro culture methods of vegetal tissues and somatic cells : description of stages of the culture, its applications, the variation it induces, the problems posed by this variation and of its possible use.
2/ Using cultures of vegetal cells for industrial production of secondary metabolites and for biotransformation.
3/ Ways of inducing haploïdy, mainly by antheridy and microspore cultures ; using haploïds.
4/ Somatic hybridation by protoplast fusion, functionning of regenerated cells and of hybrid plants, asymetric hybrids and genetic information transfert, cybrides and mitochondrial and chloroplast transfert.

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