Aims

To introduce the student to the comprehension of the mecanisms of embryogenesis genetic control. Emphasis is also put on the experimental methodologies having brought the most recent progress in the analysis of the molecular mecanisms that control the development.

Main themes

We will first look upon the integrity of the genome and to its alterations (deletions, amplifications) during the development. The epigenetic modifications of DNA are highlighted by experimental analysis of imprinting and inactivation of chromosome X. We also describe the gain of studies on polytenic chromosomes and on imaginary discs of insects during the development by the homeogenes in the Drosophile. The homeogenes in the mouse are described in detail. Finally, we study the contribution of transgenic animals in the comprehension of genetic mecanisms implied in the embryonal development.

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