Résumé :
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Where and how people work impacts their health and well-being. Labour market policies, by influencing working conditions, have substantial but often unaccountedfor consequences for both health and employment. We performed a narrative and thematic review of 726 papers to identify not only labour market factors, such as employment status, but also some of the gaps in policy-relevant literature regarding how labour market policies can promote health. To facilitate cross-sectoral action, we further discuss the literature describing how the health sector can contribute to improved labour market outcomes. This review shows that several features of the labour market pose threats to health, particularly when there is insufficient access to work (including unemployment, underemployment and informal employment) and inadequate quality of work (including hazardous conditions, low wages and poor job satisfaction). We found clear evidence that health policies can affect labour market outcomes by increasing or decreasing access to work (particularly for those with limiting long-standing illness) and modifying productivity. Overall, there is relatively little and generally weak evidence about how specific labour market policies could mutually improve both work and health outcomes. There is evidence of a bidirectional relationship between work and health, however, the current state of knowledge does not provide sufficient guidance for developing optimal policies to achieve desired labour market and health outcomes. We conclude with proposals for developing natural policy experiment research and a social observatory to facilitate linking of data on labour market and health policies across the WHO European Region
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