ARC research project · UCLouvain

Meeting mobility needs with radically less.

Leveraging individual and collective Engagement in Sufficiency Strategies for Mobility — an interdisciplinary project pairing engineering, law, behavioral sciences and economics to make low-car daily mobility legally feasible, socially fair, and genuinely better for everyday life.

Mission

Sufficiency means meeting needs with less — while keeping, or improving, quality of life.

Daily mobility is Belgium's second-highest-emitting sector — a quarter of all emissions, and the only one still rising since 1990. Efficiency makes each trip cleaner, but rarely fewer. Sufficiency asks the harder question: how much travel do we actually need, and how do we provide access and wellbeing with far less car dependence?

The IPCC names sufficiency a promising but underexplored lever. Yet we lack integrated knowledge on how to design measures that are legally feasible, socially acceptable, economically fair and psychologically credible. less4more builds that evidence base for Belgium — connecting four disciplines around one question no field can answer alone.

“A set of measures and daily practices that avoid demand for energy, materials, land and water while delivering human well-being for all within planetary boundaries.”
IPCC · Sixth Assessment Report — definition of sufficiency policies and measures
Approach

Four disciplines, one shared question.

01

Engineering

Energy-system modelling of mobility scenarios and their full life-cycle impacts, using Modeling to Generate Alternatives to surface viable pathways beyond least-cost.

02

Behavioral sciences

Why people accept or resist change — appraisal and emotion, fairness, social norms, habit, place attachment, and our bias toward adding rather than subtracting.

03

Law

Which measures are feasible within Belgium's federal system — mobility, tax and administrative law, governance, and the two-way link between law and public trust.

04

Economics & health

Welfare, equity and health co-benefits — distribution-sensitive cost–benefit analysis of who gains and who bears the cost of sufficiency reforms.

Research programme

Three axes, from scenarios to policy.

Axis 01

Landscape & scenarios

Mapping today's mobility–energy system and building sufficiency scenarios: modal shift, fewer and shorter car trips, fleet downsizing.

Axis 02

Impacts & feedback loops

Evaluating each scenario across legal feasibility, behavioural acceptance, and equity-sensitive health and welfare effects.

Axis 03

Stakeholder engagement

Integrating results with citizens and decision-makers, co-creating acceptable pathways and translating them into policy.

Team

The people behind less4more.

Professors
Francesco Contino
Francesco Contino
Engineering
Alexandre Heeren
Alexandre Heeren
Behavioral sciences
Céline Romainville
Céline Romainville
Law
Hélène Latzer
Hélène Latzer
Economics
Sandy Tubeuf
Sandy Tubeuf
Health economics
Postdoctoral researchers
Paolo Thiran
Paolo Thiran
Engineering
Martin Colla
Martin Colla
Engineering
PhD researchers
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Julia Joveneau
Engineering
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Antoine Rens
Law
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Diego Poveda Molina
Economics
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Elsa Magny
Behavioral sciences
Outputs

Publications & outputs.

The project runs from October 2026 to September 2031. Publications, working papers and policy briefs will be listed here as they appear.