{"id":37623,"date":"2016-05-13T09:05:15","date_gmt":"2016-05-13T07:05:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php\/introduction\/"},"modified":"2022-05-19T16:35:37","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T14:35:37","slug":"introduction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/?page_id=37623","title":{"rendered":"Introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"37623\" class=\"elementor elementor-37623\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-32de944b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"32de944b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a028073\" data-id=\"4a028073\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53365dd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53365dd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table style=\"width: 1100px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: left;\"><a href=\"index.php\/expo-virtuelle\/classified\/cold-war\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Previous page<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"index.php\/expo-virtuelle\/classified\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Back to exhibition&rsquo;s homepage<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php\/expo-virtuelle\/classified\/cold-war\/korean-war\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Next page<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"width: 1100px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #31859c;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-36853\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/drapeau-holande.jpg\" alt=\"drapeau holande\" width=\"14\" height=\"10\" \/>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>KOUDE OORLOG<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #31859c;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-36873\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Drapeau_anglais.jpg\" alt=\"Drapeau anglais\" width=\"18\" height=\"13\" \/>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>COLD WAR<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #31859c;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-36883\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Drapeau_france.jpg\" alt=\"Drapeau france\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" \/>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>GUERRE FROIDE<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Na het einde van de Tweede Wereldoorlog leiden de ideologische verschillen tussen het Westen en het Oosten tot politieke en militaire spanningen. Deze periode van internationale spanningen is gekend als de Koude Oorlog.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">In the aftermath of the Second World War, the ideological differences between\u00a0the West and the East generated political and military tensions. This period of\u00a0turmoil is also known as the Cold War.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\u00c0 la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les diff\u00e9rences id\u00e9ologiques entre l\u2019Occident et l\u2019Est g\u00e9n\u00e8rent des tensions politiques et militaires. Cette p\u00e9riode de tumulte international est \u00e9galement connue sous le nom de guerre froide.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">In 1945 bevrijden de geallieerden het westen van Europa (kapitalistisch regime), terwijl de Sovjet-Unie Oost-Europa bevrijdt en daar communistische regimes vestigt.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">In 1945, the Allies freed Western Europe (capitalist), whereas the USSR liberated\u00a0Eastern Europe and established there communist regimes.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">En 1945, les Alli\u00e9s lib\u00e8rent l\u2019Europe de l\u2019Ouest (capitaliste), tandis que l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique d\u00e9livre l\u2019Europe de l\u2019Est et y installe des r\u00e9gimes communistes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-37613\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mapscoldwar.jpg\" alt=\"mapscoldwar\" width=\"904\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mapscoldwar.jpg 968w, https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mapscoldwar-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/mapscoldwar-768x373.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 904px) 100vw, 904px\" \/>\n<table style=\"width: 1100px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Europa is dus verdeeld\u00a0in twee grote ideologische blokken, gescheiden door het \u00ab\u00a0IJzeren Gordijn\u00a0\u00bb, waarvan de Berlijnse Muur deel uitmaakt. Ook op militair gebied zien we een opdeling: de Verenigde Staten\u00a0en hun bondgenoten richten de NAVO (Noord-Atlantische Verdragsorganisatie) op en als reactie daarop groeperen de Sovjet-Unie en haar bondgenoten zich in het Warschaupact.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">As a result, Europe\u00a0was split into two ideological blocs, separated by the \u201cIron Curtain\u201d, which the\u00a0Berlin Wall was part of. At military level, the world was also divided: the USA and\u00a0its allies created NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation), while the USSR and\u00a0its allies reacted by signing the Warsaw Pact.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">L\u2019Europe est donc d\u00e9chir\u00e9e\u00a0en deux grands blocs id\u00e9ologiques, s\u00e9par\u00e9s par un \u00ab Rideau de Fer \u00bb, dont fait partie le Mur de Berlin. Sur le plan militaire, l\u2019on assiste \u00e9galement \u00e0 une fracture : les \u00c9tats-Unis et\u00a0leurs alli\u00e9s cr\u00e9ent l\u2019OTAN (Organisation du Trait\u00e9 de l\u2019Atlantique Nord), tandis que l\u2019URSS et ses alli\u00e9s r\u00e9agissent en signant le Pacte de Varsovie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">E\u00e9n van de opvallendste kenmerken van de Koude Oorlog is de oorlog tussen de westerse en communistische inlichtingendiensten, zoals de Amerikaanse CIA en de Russische KGB.\u00a0Daarmee gaan ook een paar gewapende conflicten gepaard, o.a. in Korea, Vietnam en Afghanistan. De wereld staat enkele malen op de rand van een nucleaire oorlog zoals tijdens de\u00a0Cubacrisis in 1962. Gelukkig kan door diplomatieke tussenkomst het ergste worden vermeden.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">One of the most striking characteristics of the Cold War was the struggle between\u00a0the western and the communist secret services, e.g. the CIA and the KGB. Many armed conflicts broke out, as is illustrated by the war in Korea, Vietnam\u00a0and Afghanistan. On several occasions, the world was on the edge of slipping\u00a0into a nuclear war, like in 1962 during the Cuban missile crisis. Yet, diplomatic intervention\u00a0fortunately managed to avoid the worst.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">L\u2019un des \u00e9l\u00e9ments les plus remarquables de la guerre froide est qu\u2019elle se caract\u00e9rise par la lutte livr\u00e9e entre les services de renseignement occidentaux et communistes, comme\u00a0la CIA et le KGB. De nombreux conflits arm\u00e9s \u00e9clatent, tels que les guerres en Cor\u00e9e, au Vietnam et en Afghanistan. \u00c0 plusieurs reprises, le monde passe \u00e0 deux doigts d\u2019un conflit\u00a0nucl\u00e9aire, comme lors de la crise des missiles de Cuba en 1962. Fort heureusement, une intervention diplomatique parvient \u00e0 \u00e9viter le pire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">In de jaren \u201980 zien we een opflakkering van de Koude Oorlog met de komst van twee vurige, neoliberale leiders in de Verenigde Staten (Ronald Reagan) en in het Verenigd Koninkrijk\u00a0(Margaret Thatcher). Reagan jaagt de defensiebudgetten de hoogte in en start een nieuwe wapenwedloop. De Sovjet-Unie kampt ondertussen met een zware economische crisis en kan de nieuwe wapenwedloop niet volgen. De Russische President Gorbatsjov tracht met verschillende socio-economische maatregelen de crisis onder controle te krijgen en geeft daarmee\u00a0onbewust de aanzet tot de ondergang van de Sovjet-Unie. In 1989 valt de Muur van Berlijn, h\u00e9t symbool voor de scheiding tussen Oost en West. Kort daarna volgt de ontmanteling van\u00a0het Warschaupact. De Koude Oorlog is voorbij.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">In the 1980s, the Cold War flared up with the arrival of two staunch neoliberal\u00a0leaders, i.e. Ronald Reagan in the USA and Margaret Thatcher in the UK. Reagan\u00a0boosted the defence budget and initiated a new arms race. At the same time, the Soviet Union faced an acute economic crisis, and could therefore not rival with \u00a0the USA. Then Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev tried to defuse the crisis by\u00a0adopting several socio-economic measures, but he thereby unwillingly triggered\u00a0the fall of the USSR. 1989 marked the fall of the Berlin Wall, which symbolised\u00a0the separation between the East and the West. This was soon followed by the\u00a0dissolution of the Warsaw Pact. The Cold War was over.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Dans les ann\u00e9es 1980, l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de deux ardents leaders n\u00e9olib\u00e9raux, Ronald Reagan aux \u00c9tats-Unis et Margaret Thatcher au Royaume-Uni, attise les tensions. Reagan augmente\u00a0consid\u00e9rablement le budget consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la D\u00e9fense et s\u2019engage dans une nouvelle course \u00e0 l\u2019armement. De son c\u00f4t\u00e9, l\u2019URSS doit faire face \u00e0 une profonde crise \u00e9conomique et ne\u00a0peut par cons\u00e9quent pas embo\u00eeter le pas aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Par le biais de diff\u00e9rentes mesures socio\u00e9conomiques, le pr\u00e9sident sovi\u00e9tique de l\u2019\u00e9poque, Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev, s\u2019efforce\u00a0de juguler la crise, mais enclenche sans le savoir le d\u00e9clin de l\u2019URSS. En 1989, l\u2019on assiste \u00e0 la chute du Mur de Berlin qui symbolisait la scission entre l\u2019Ouest et l\u2019Est. La dissolution\u00a0du Pacte de Varsovie intervient peu de temps apr\u00e8s. La guerre froide est r\u00e9volue.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"width: 1100px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: left;\"><a href=\"index.php\/expo-virtuelle\/classified\/cold-war\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Previous page<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"index.php\/expo-virtuelle\/classified\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Back to exhibition&rsquo;s homepage<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php\/expo-virtuelle\/classified\/cold-war\/korean-war\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Next page<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Previous page Back to exhibition&rsquo;s homepage Next page \u00a0KOUDE OORLOG \u00a0COLD WAR \u00a0GUERRE FROIDE Na het einde van de Tweede &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"parent":37933,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-37623","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37623","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37623"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37623\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63713,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37623\/revisions\/63713"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37623"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}