{"id":37393,"date":"2016-05-10T13:29:27","date_gmt":"2016-05-10T11:29:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php\/utrecht\/"},"modified":"2022-05-19T16:51:57","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T14:51:57","slug":"utrecht","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/?page_id=37393","title":{"rendered":"Utrecht"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"37393\" class=\"elementor elementor-37393\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-46a2a4b0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46a2a4b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39de1b6a\" data-id=\"39de1b6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51f333f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51f333f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table style=\"width: 1100px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php\/smao\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Previous page<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"index.php\/expo-virtuelle\/classified\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Back to exhibition&rsquo;s homepage<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php\/blao\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Next page<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"width: 1100px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 20px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #31859c;\"><strong><strong style=\"color: #31859c;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-36853\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/drapeau-holande.jpg\" alt=\"drapeau holande\" width=\"14\" height=\"10\" \/>\u00a0<\/strong><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>DE UTRECHTSE DOCUMENTENVERVALSING<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 20px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #31859c;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-36873\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Drapeau_anglais.jpg\" alt=\"Drapeau anglais\" width=\"18\" height=\"13\" \/>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>THE FAKE OF UTRECHT<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 20px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #31859c;\"><strong><strong style=\"color: #31859c;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-36883\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Drapeau_france.jpg\" alt=\"Drapeau france\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" \/>\u00a0<\/strong><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>LE FAUX D&rsquo;UTRECHT<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"width: 1100px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">De Utrechtse documentenvervalsing verwijst naar een operatie waarbij de Belgische Militaire Veiligheid, een dienst van de 2de Sectie van de Generale Staf, probeert om de Duitse militaire autoriteiten te misleiden via het laten verspreiden van gefabriceerde documenten.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">The Fake of Utrecht refers to an operation where the Belgian S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire, a service of the Deuxi\u00e8me Section of the General Staff, tried to mislead the German military authorities by disseminating forged documents.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Le Faux d\u2019Utrecht renvoie \u00e0 une op\u00e9ration dans laquelle la S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire belge, un service de la Deuxi\u00e8me Section de l\u2019Etat-major g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, a tent\u00e9 de tromper les autorit\u00e9s allemandes en diffusant des documents falsifi\u00e9s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">In een eerste fase gebeurt de verspreiding via een \u2018stagiair\u2019 van de Militaire Veiligheid, Albert Frank, die was aangeworven in april 1928 omwille van zijn contacten met de Duitse spionagedienst. Wanneer de Duitsers aandringen om in het bezit te worden gesteld van documenten met een strategisch belang, besluit de Militaire Veiligheid om een gefabriceerde tekst op te stellen over de mobilisatieplannen van het Belgische Leger.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">The first step of the deception was made by an \u201cinternee\u201d of the S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire, Albert Frank, who had been recruited in April 1928 for his relations with the German intelligence agency. When the Germans insisted on obtaining strategic documents, the S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire decided to forge a document about the mobilisation projects of the Belgian Army.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Dans un premier temps, la supercherie est confi\u00e9e \u00e0 un \u00ab stagiaire \u00bb de la S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire, Albert Frank, recrut\u00e9 en avril 1928 pour ses contacts avec le service d\u2019espionnage allemand. Lorsque les Allemands insistent pour obtenir des documents rev\u00eatant une importance strat\u00e9gique, la S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire d\u00e9cide de r\u00e9diger un faux texte sur les projets de mobilisation de l\u2019arm\u00e9e belge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Eind december 1928 wordt de bewuste tekst, voorzien van de korpszegel van het hoofd van de Algemene Staf, door Albert Frank verstuurd naar zijn contactpersoon bij de Duitse spionagedienst, Hauser genaamd. De Militaire Veiligheid veronderstelt dat Hauser het document zal overmaken aan de Duitse militaire overheid, dat deze hieraan geen ruchtbaarheid zal geven en hierdoor haar eigen strategische visie zal aanpassen.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">At the end of December 1928, the forged document, affixed with the stamp of the General Staff, was sent by Albert Frank to his contact person in the German intelligence service, which was named Hauser. The S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire assumed that Hauser would forward the text to the German military authorities, who would not make it public, but would take advantage of the information to modify their strategic vision.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Fin d\u00e9cembre 1928, Albert Frank envoie le faux, muni du sceau du corps du chef de l\u2019Etat-major g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, \u00e0 son contact aupr\u00e8s des services allemands, nomm\u00e9 Hauser. La S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire suppose que Hauser transmettra le document aux autorit\u00e9s militaires allemandes, qui ne d\u00e9voileront pas le texte, mais en profiteront pour modifier leur vision strat\u00e9gique.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">De Vlaamse nationalist Ward Hermans, een bekende van Albert Frank, neemt per toeval kennis van het bestaan van deze tekst. Hij dringt bij Frank aan om hem dit document te verkopen en zo mogelijk het Belgisch-Franse militair akkoord in diskrediet te kunnen brengen.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Ward Hermans, a Flemish nationalist acquainted with Albert Frank, accidentally learned about the existence of the text. He urged Frank to let him buy the document in order to potentially discredit the Belgian-French military agreement.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Le nationaliste flamand Ward Hermans, une connaissance d\u2019Albert Frank, apprend par hasard l\u2019existence du document. Il insiste aupr\u00e8s de Frank pour que ce dernier lui vende le texte, afin de tenter de discr\u00e9diter l\u2019accord militaire belgo-fran\u00e7ais.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Hierop besluit de Militaire Veiligheid een tweede tekst te fabriceren op basis van Belgisch-Franse stafbesprekingen gehouden in 1927, met daarin verwerkt elementen van het Belgisch-Franse militair akkoord. Deze tekst moet enerzijds het bestaan van de eerste tekst verdoezelen en de Duitse militaire overheid in de waan laten dat zij het origineel bezit, en anderzijds dient de publicatie ervan de Vlaamse nationalisten in diskrediet te brengen. Op 28 januari 1929 wordt de tekst verkocht aan Hermans.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">The S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire then decided to forge a second document on the basis of Belgian-French staff talks that had taken place in 1927, and included tampered elements of the Belgian-French military agreement. On the one hand, the second text was intended to conceal the existence of the first document and to make the German military authorities believe that they possessed the original document; on the other hand, the publication of the latter aimed at discrediting Flemish nationalists. On 28th January 1929, the document was sold to Hermans.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">La S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire d\u00e9cide alors de forger un deuxi\u00e8me document sur la base de r\u00e9unions d\u2019Etat-major belgo-fran\u00e7aises tenues en 1927, en y ins\u00e9rant des \u00e9l\u00e9ments tronqu\u00e9s de l\u2019accord militaire belgo-fran\u00e7ais. D\u2019une part, le texte vise \u00e0 dissimuler l\u2019existence du premier document et \u00e0 faire croire aux autorit\u00e9s militaires allemandes qu\u2019elles sont en possession de l\u2019original et, d\u2019autre part, sa publication est cens\u00e9e discr\u00e9diter les nationalistes flamands. Le 28 janvier 1929, le texte est vendu \u00e0 Hermans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Een Nederlandse uitgever verwerft zowel de tekst die Frank heeft verstuurd naar Hauser als deze die hij heeft verkocht aan Hermans.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">A Dutch publisher obtained both documents: the one sent to Hauser and the one sold to Hermans.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Un \u00e9diteur n\u00e9erlandais acquiert les deux textes : celui transmis \u00e0 Hauser et celui vendu \u00e0 Hermans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Wanneer op 23 februari 1929 elementen uit beide teksten verschijnen in het <em>Utrechts Provinciaal en Stedelijk Dagblad<\/em>, is de sensatie enorm: Belgi\u00eb zou niet enkel zijn neutraliteit opgeven, maar in geval van oorlog ook een Belgisch-Franse troepenmacht naar Nederland sturen, samen met de Engelsen een front vormen aan de Belgisch-Duitse grens, enz.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">On 23rd February 1929, the publication of elements from both texts in the <em>Utrechts Provinciaal en Stedelijk Dagblad<\/em> caused great commotion: Belgium would not only give up its neutrality, but in the event of a war, it would also send a Belgian-French force to the Netherlands, form a front with England at the border between Belgium and Germany, etc.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">La publication des passages des deux textes dans l\u2019\u00e9dition du 23 f\u00e9vrier 1929 de l\u2019<em>Utrechts Provinciaal en Stedelijk Dagblad<\/em> fait l\u2019effet d\u2019une bombe : la Belgique ne renoncerait pas uniquement \u00e0 sa neutralit\u00e9 ; en cas de guerre, elle enverrait \u00e9galement une force belgo-fran\u00e7aise aux Pays-Bas, s\u2019allierait aux Anglais pour former un front \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re belgo-allemande, etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<a class=\"jcepopup\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Utrecht.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-mediabox-caption=\"@FOD Buitenlandse zaken - SPF Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-37383\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Utrecht.jpg\" alt=\"Utrecht\" width=\"329\" height=\"394\" \/><\/a>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n<table style=\"width: 1100px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Ondanks bepaalde foute gegevens wordt de tekst van het artikel beschouwd als betrouwbaar en aldus gepromoveerd tot wereldnieuws. Hierdoor dreigt de positie van zowel de Belgische regering als van de Generale Staf in het gedrang te komen.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Despite some incorrect elements, the text of the article was deemed reliable and the news therefore spread like wild fire. As a result, the position of the Belgian government and the General Staff threatened to be tarnished.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Malgr\u00e9 quelques faits erron\u00e9s, on consid\u00e8re que le texte de l\u2019article est fiable et la nouvelle se r\u00e9pand comme une tra\u00een\u00e9e de poudre. La position du gouvernement belge et de l\u2019Etat-major g\u00e9n\u00e9ral risque donc d\u2019\u00eatre compromise.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Om de betrokkenheid vanwege de overheid en de legerleiding te ontkennen, wordt alles toegeschreven aan een ongeoorloofd initiatief van de Militaire Veiligheid. Op 16 maart 1929 wordt de Militaire Veiligheid afgeschaft en het betrokken personeel, vijf personen en een aantal losse medewerkers, worden overgeplaatst naar de Openbare Veiligheid.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">In order to deny the involvement of the civilian and military authorities, the whole scandal was attributed to an unpermitted initiative of the S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire. On 16th March 1929, the S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire was dissolved, and the responsible personnel \u2013 five persons and some casual employees \u2013 were moved to the S\u00fbret\u00e9 publique.<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Pour d\u00e9mentir l\u2019implication des autorit\u00e9s civiles et militaires, toute l\u2019affaire est attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 la S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire, qui aurait fait cavalier seul. Le 16 mars 1929, la S\u00fbret\u00e9 militaire est dissoute et le personnel impliqu\u00e9, cinq personnes ainsi qu\u2019une poign\u00e9e de collaborateurs occasionnels, est transf\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la S\u00fbret\u00e9 publique.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table style=\"width: 1100px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php\/smao\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Previous page<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"index.php\/expo-virtuelle\/classified\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Back to exhibition&rsquo;s homepage<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php\/blao\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Next page<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Previous page Back to exhibition&rsquo;s homepage Next page \u00a0DE UTRECHTSE DOCUMENTENVERVALSING \u00a0THE FAKE OF UTRECHT \u00a0LE FAUX D&rsquo;UTRECHT De Utrechtse &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"parent":37353,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-37393","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37393"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":59703,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37393\/revisions\/59703"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}