{"id":37343,"date":"2016-05-10T13:25:20","date_gmt":"2016-05-10T11:25:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php\/sacrifices\/"},"modified":"2022-05-19T16:51:16","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T14:51:16","slug":"sacrifices","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/?page_id=37343","title":{"rendered":"Sacrifices"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"37343\" class=\"elementor elementor-37343\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-51d9020d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"51d9020d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b74abcd\" data-id=\"2b74abcd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43de03ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43de03ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table style=\"width: 1100px; border: 5px solid transparent;\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php\/sources\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Previous page<\/a><\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"index.php\/expo-virtuelle\/classified\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Back to exhibition&rsquo;s homepage<\/a><\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php\/expo-virtuelle\/classified\/origins\/interbellum\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Next page<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table style=\"width: 1100px; border: 5px solid transparent;\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: left;\"><p><span style=\"color: #31859c;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-36883\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Drapeau_france.jpg\" alt=\"Drapeau france\" width=\"15\" height=\"10\" \/>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>LE SACRIFICE<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #31859c;\">Les espions civils en Belgique occup\u00e9e<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: left;\"><p><span style=\"color: #31859c;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-36873\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Drapeau_anglais.jpg\" alt=\"Drapeau anglais\" width=\"18\" height=\"13\" \/>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>THE SACRIFICES<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #31859c;\">The civil spies in occupied Belgium\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: left;\"><p><span style=\"color: #31859c;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-36853\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/drapeau-holande.jpg\" alt=\"drapeau holande\" width=\"14\" height=\"10\" \/>\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>HET \u00a0OFFER<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #31859c;\">De burgerspionnen in bezet Belgi\u00eb<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">La violation de la neutralit\u00e9 belge, les massacres de civils au moment de l\u2019invasion et l\u2019occupation du pays suscitent une haine profonde \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de l\u2019Allemagne. Cette hostilit\u00e9 forme le ressort principal de l\u2019engagement de milliers de civils belges et du nord de la France dans la guerre secr\u00e8te au service des alli\u00e9s.<\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">The violation of Belgian neutrality, the massacre of civilians during the invasion, and the occupation of the country aroused bitter hatred towards Germany. This hostility constituted the main reason why thousands of civilians from Belgium and northern France got involved in the secret war on behalf of the Allies.<\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">De schending van de Belgische neutraliteit, de gruweldaden gepleegd bij de inval en de bezetting van het land wekken een diepe haat op tegen Duitsland. Deze vijandigheid stimuleert de betrokkenheid van duizenden burgers bij de geheime oorlog in dienst van de geallieerden.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Issus de tous les milieux sociaux, hommes et femmes s\u2019engagent dans diverses activit\u00e9s de r\u00e9sistance contre l\u2019occupant: exfiltration de soldats alli\u00e9s et de recrues pour l\u2019arm\u00e9e, presse clandestine et, surtout, renseignement. On d\u00e9nombre environ 6.400 agents de renseignement actifs au sein de quelques 250 r\u00e9seaux.<\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Originating from all social backgrounds, men and women engaged in various resistance activities against the occupier: exfiltration of allied soldiers and recruits for the army, underground press, and, last but not least, intelligence. About 6.400 intelligence agents were active within around 250 networks.<\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Zowel mannen als vrouwen, afkomstig uit alle sociale milieus, engageren zich in diverse activiteiten van verzet: het organiseren van ontsnappingslijnen uit bezet gebied voor geallieerde militairen en oorlogsvrijwilligers, het verspreiden van clandestiene pers en het verzamelen van inlichtingen over de bezetter. Men telt ongeveer 6.400 agenten, actief in een tweehonderdvijftigtal netwerken.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Les r\u00e9seaux sont suscit\u00e9s \u00e0 partir des Pays-Bas par les services secrets belges et alli\u00e9s. Ceux-ci approchent des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s qui, apr\u00e8s une formation sommaire, sont renvoy\u00e9s en Belgique occup\u00e9e pour y recruter des agents, lesquels constituent des postes d\u2018observations territoriaux et ferroviaires. Les informations obtenues par ces postes sur les forces et mouvements des arm\u00e9es ennemies sont achemin\u00e9es dans des conditions dangereuses hors du territoire occup\u00e9. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces renseignements, les commandements des arm\u00e9es alli\u00e9es parviennent, \u00e0 d\u00e9chiffrer la strat\u00e9gie allemande et \u00e0 orienter les op\u00e9rations.<\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">The networks were organised from the Netherlands by the Belgian and Allied secret services. The latter made contact with refugees, who were sent back to Belgium after basic training in order to recruit agents. These agents established territorial and railway observation posts. informations collected by these posts on the enemies\u2019 forces and movements were transmitted under perilous conditions out of the occupied territories. It allowed the Allied armies\u2019 commands to grasp the German strategy and to direct operations.<\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">De meeste netwerken worden opgericht door Belgische en geallieerde geheime diensten met als standplaats Nederland. Deze benaderen vluchtelingen die, na een summiere opleiding, worden teruggestuurd naar bezet Belgi\u00eb om er agenten te rekruteren voor het vestigen van observatieposten in bepaalde gebieden en langsheen de spoorwegen. De verkregen informatie over de vijandelijke strijdkrachten en troepenbewegingen worden in gevaarlijke omstandigheden over de grens gebracht. Deze inlichtingen zijn bepalend voor het begrijpen van de vijandelijke strategie en het hieraan aanpassen van de eigen operaties.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Les Britanniques assureront avec le temps leur h\u00e9g\u00e9monie sur les r\u00e9seaux op\u00e9rant en Belgique. Les r\u00e9seaux au service des arm\u00e9es belge et fran\u00e7aise subiront davantage les effets du contre-espionnage allemand.<\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Over time, the Brits asserted their hegemony over the networks operating in Belgium. The networks working for the Belgian and the French armies were more heavily impacted by German counter-intelligence.<\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Met de tijd doen de Britten hun hegemonie gelden over de netwerken die in Belgi\u00eb opereren. De netwerken in dienst van de Belgische en Franse legers staan zwaar onder druk van de Duitse contraspionage.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">En participant \u00e0 la lutte clandestine, les civils s\u2019exposent \u00e0 une r\u00e9pression s\u00e9v\u00e8re. Arrestations, d\u00e9tentions et d\u00e9portations de patriotes sont nombreuses et pr\u00e8s de 300 personnes sont fusill\u00e9es par la justice militaire de l\u2019occupant.<\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">As they participated in underground resistance, civilians ran the risk of being severely punished. Arrests, detentions and deportations of nationals were numerous, and nearly 300 were executed by the occupier\u2019s military justice.<\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; text-align: justify; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent;\">Door hun deelname aan de clandestiene strijd stellen de burgers zich bloot aan een strenge repressie. Aanhoudingen, opsluitingen en wegvoeringen van patriotten zijn talrijk en ongeveer driehonderd onder hen worden gefusilleerd op bevel van militaire rechtbanken van de bezetter.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px;\" colspan=\"3\"><p>\u00a0<a class=\"jcepopup\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/condamnationmort.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-mediabox-caption=\"@MRA-KLM\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-37333\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/condamnationmort.jpg\" alt=\"condamnationmort\" width=\"254\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/condamnationmort.jpg 1722w, https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/condamnationmort-202x300.jpg 202w, https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/condamnationmort-768x1142.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/condamnationmort-1033x1536.jpg 1033w, https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/condamnationmort-1568x2331.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\" \/><\/a><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Condamnation \u00e0 mort<br \/><\/em><em>Sentence to death<\/em><br \/><em>Terdoodveroordeling<\/em><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><table style=\"width: 1100px; border: 5px solid transparent;\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php\/sources\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Previous page<\/a><\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"index.php\/expo-virtuelle\/classified\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Back to exhibition&rsquo;s homepage<\/a><\/td><td style=\"width: 300px; padding-left: 25px; padding-right: 25px; border: 5px solid transparent; text-align: right;\"><a href=\"index.php\/expo-virtuelle\/classified\/origins\/interbellum\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Next page<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Previous page Back to exhibition&rsquo;s homepage Next page \u00a0LE SACRIFICE Les espions civils en Belgique occup\u00e9e \u00a0THE SACRIFICES The civil &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"parent":37143,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-37343","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37343"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37343\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63293,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37343\/revisions\/63293"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}