{"id":37723,"date":"2016-05-13T09:08:31","date_gmt":"2016-05-13T07:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php\/stay-behind\/"},"modified":"2022-05-19T16:44:58","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T14:44:58","slug":"stay-behind","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/?page_id=37723","title":{"rendered":"Stay behind"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t

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\u00a0<\/p>
Previous page<\/a><\/td> Back to exhibition’s homepage<\/a><\/td> Next page<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
$\"logosdra\"$ <\/a><\/td> SDRA VIII – STAY BEHIND<\/span><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Contents:<\/strong>
1. Introduction<\/a>
2. Missions<\/a>
3. Recruiting<\/a>
4. Training<\/a>
5. The action section<\/a><\/td> \u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
$\"drapeau$ \u00a0<\/strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td>
$\"Drapeau$ \u00a0<\/strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td>
$\"Drapeau$ \u00a0<\/strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td><\/tr>
Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog wordt de \u201cService de Documentation de Renseignement et d\u2019Action VIII\u201d (SDRA VIII) set up.<\/td> After the Second World War, the \u201cService de Documentation de Renseignement et d\u2019Action VIII\u201d (SDRA VIII) was established.<\/td> Apr\u00e8s la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le Service de Documentation de Renseignement et d\u2019Action VIII (SDRA VIII) est fond\u00e9.<\/td><\/tr>
This stay-behind network should ensure that, in the event of an armed conflict and occupation of Belgian territory, the Belgian government can move to a safe haven and remain in contact with those left behind.<\/td> In the event of an armed conflict and the occupation of Belgian territory, this stay-behind network had to enable the Belgian government to evacuate to a safe haven and to maintain contact with those who stayed behind.<\/td> En cas de conflit arm\u00e9 et d\u2019occupation du territoire belge, ce r\u00e9seau \u00ab stay-behind \u00bb doit faire en sorte que le gouvernement belge puisse s\u2019exiler en lieu s\u00fbr et maintenir le contact avec ceux rest\u00e9s au pays.<\/td><\/tr>
At the end of World War II, intelligence networks faced many problems: traitors, few or untrained officers and many victims.<\/td> At the end of the Second World War, the intelligence networks faced numerous problems: traitors, little or not trained agents, and many victims.<\/td> After the Second World War, les r\u00e9seaux de renseignement sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 maints probl\u00e8mes : tra\u00eetres, agents peu ou pas form\u00e9s et nombre de victimes.<\/td><\/tr>
Already 1945 wordt de dreiging van een nieuw conflict steeds re\u00ebler en de eerste tekenen van de Koude Oorlog worden zichtbaar met de Praagse Coup (February 1948) and the Berlin Blockade (March 1948-May 1949).<\/td> After 1945, a new conflict threatened to materialise and the early stages of the Cold War became apparent, as illustrated by the Czech Coup (February 1948) and the Berlin Blockade (March 1948-May 1949).<\/td> Apr\u00e8s 1945, la menace d\u2019un nouveau conflit se mat\u00e9rialise de plus en plus, et les pr\u00e9mices de la guerre froide apparaissent, comme en t\u00e9moignent le Coup de Prague (f\u00e9vrier 1948) and the Berlin Blockade (mars 1948-may 1949).<\/td><\/tr>
In January 1949 Prime Minister Spaak receives a letter from the head of the British Secret Intelligence Service, Stewart Menzies, asking them to work together to establish a resistance- and spy network. Spaak sets the condition that the United States of America be involved in the project: \u201cHet zou zeer wenselijk zijn dat de drie diensten nauw samenwerken\u2026 Ik meen dat het dus onontbeerlijk is dat op het hoogste niveau onderhandelingen worden gevoerd tussen Londen en Washington om dat vraagstuk te regelen\u201d.<\/td> In January 1949, Prime Minister Paul-Henri Spaak received a letter from the head of the British Secret Intelligence Service, Stewart Menzies, who asked him to collaborate in the creation of a resistance and spy network. Spaak set the condition that the USA should take part in the project: \u201cIt would be very desirable that the three services work closely together\u2026 I therefore deem vital that negotiations are conducted at the highest level between London and Washington in order to address the issue.\u201d<\/td> In January 1949, le Premier ministre Paul-Henri Spaak re\u00e7oit une lettre du chef des services secrets britanniques, Stewart Menzies, qui lui demande de collaborer \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de r\u00e9sistance et d\u2019espionnage. Spaak pose comme condition la participation des \u00c9tats-Unis. \u00ab Il serait plus que souhaitable que les trois services travaillent en \u00e9troite collaboration\u2026 J\u2019estime qu\u2019il est d\u00e8s lors indispensable que des n\u00e9gociations soient men\u00e9es au plus haut niveau entre Londres et Washington afin de r\u00e9gler la question. \u00bb<\/td><\/tr>
The first steps towards the establishment of a Belgian stay-behind network have been taken and the original assignments are being recorded.<\/td> The first steps to the establishment of a Belgian stay-behind network were made and the initial missions were determined.<\/td> Les premiers jalons de la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un r\u00e9seau stay-behind belge sont donc pos\u00e9s et les premi\u00e8res missions sont d\u00e9finies.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
$\"cartesdra\"$ <\/a><\/p>
Assignments<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td>
Missions<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td>
T\u00e2ches<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td><\/tr>
The original assignments are:
– gather intelligence (operational clandestine intelligence): some officers are tasked in peacetime to prepare certain intelligence. This often concerns information regarding the economic situation.
– escape and evasion: other agents are responsible for evacuating downed pilots and friendly agents who have been betrayed.
– \u201caction\u201d: sabotage of military objectives, organizing the resistance.
– contra-information.<\/td> The original missions of SDRA VIII consisted in:
– intelligence collection (operational clandestine intelligence) : in peacetime, some agents had to prepare intelligence. It mainly concerned information pertaining to the economic situation.
– escape-and-evasion tasks: some agents were responsible for the exfiltration of shot-down pilots and betrayed agents.
– actions: sabotage of military objectives, organization of the resistance, etc.
– counter-information.<\/td> Initially, les t\u00e2ches du SDRA VIII consistaient en :
– collecting information (renseignement clandestin op\u00e9rationnel) : in peacetime, certains agents devaient documenter des renseignements d\u00e9termin\u00e9s. Il s\u2019agissait principalement d\u2019informations concernant la situation \u00e9conomique.
– des missions dites \u00ab escape and evasion \u00bb : des agents \u00e9taient charg\u00e9s de l\u2019exfiltration de pilotes descendus et d\u2019agents d\u00e9masqu\u00e9s.
– des actions pr\u00e9cises : sabotage d\u2019objectifs militaires, organisation de la r\u00e9sistance, etc.
– counter-information.<\/td><\/tr>
From 1959 the missions are adjusted. De missies betreffende \u201caction\u201d worden niet langer uitgevoerd en de nadruk wordt gelegd op het inwinnen van inlichtingen.<\/td> As from 1959, the missions of SDRA VIII were modified. Action missions were abandoned in order to focus on intelligence collection.<\/td> D\u00e8s 1959, les t\u00e2ches du SDRA VIII sont modifi\u00e9es. Le service ne r\u00e9alise plus de missions de type \u00ab action \u00bb et se concentre sur la collecte de renseignements.<\/td><\/tr>
Recruitment<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td>
Recruiting<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td>
Recruitment<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td><\/tr>
The persons eligible as agents must be of impeccable conduct. Preference is given to persons of approx 40 years with a permanent job. Recruitment officers also seek to identify discreet candidates with strong national sentiment and must not be affiliated with any political organization.<\/td> The future agents must demonstrate irreproachable behaviour. They are preferably people aged about 40 who have stable employment. The recruiting officers also try to pinpoint candidates with a strong national sentiment who are not affiliated with a political organisation.<\/td> Les candidats \u00e0 la fonction d\u2019agent doivent faire preuve d\u2019un comportement irr\u00e9prochable. Il s\u2019agit de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence de personnes d\u2019environ 40 years with stable employment. Les officiers de recrutement essayent \u00e9galement de rep\u00e9rer des candidats discrets, dot\u00e9s d\u2019un profond sentiment national, et qui ne sont pas membres d\u2019une organisation politique.<\/td><\/tr>
The recruitment of an agent is done on a voluntary basis. Er wordt geen overeenkomst ondertekend en er wordt geen financi\u00eble vergoeding toegekend. The basis is trust. The officers only have contact with their instructor and operate in almost total anonymity.<\/td> The recruitment of an agent occurs on a voluntary basis. No contract is signed and no financial compensation is granted. The relations are based on trust. The agents have contacts only with their instructor. They operate in almost total anonymity.<\/td> Le recrutement d\u2019un agent se fait sur base volontaire. Aucun contrat n\u2019est sign\u00e9 et aucune compensation p\u00e9cuniaire n\u2019est attribu\u00e9e. Tout est bas\u00e9 sur la confiance. Les agents n\u2019entretiennent des contacts qu\u2019avec leur instructeur. Ils op\u00e8rent dans un anonymat quasi total.<\/td><\/tr>
The agents can decide to leave the network at any time.<\/td> The agents can decide to leave the network anytime.<\/td> \u00c0 tout moment, les agents peuvent d\u00e9cider de quitter le r\u00e9seau.<\/td><\/tr>
Course<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td>
Training<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td>
Formation<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td><\/tr>
The agents receive training aimed at their task in the event of a possible occupation of the country.
This may include gathering and passing on information to the Belgian government in exile or receiving and evacuating people (\u2018escape and evasion\u2019). They also receive general training in intelligence work (de veiligheidsprincipes en \u2013procedures), and tracking down and shaking off pursuers. The training is done individually, the candidates have no contact with each other.<\/td> The agents\u2019 training focuses on their tasks in the event of the occupation of the country. Their missions can be related to the collection and transmission of intelligence to the Belgian government-in-exile, or to the exfiltration of persons (escape and evasion). Moreover, they receive general training in tradecraft (security principles and procedures), and methods to identify and shake off tails. The training is individual; the candidates have no contacts with each other.<\/td> La formation des agents met l\u2019accent sur leurs t\u00e2ches en cas d\u2019occupation du territoire. Il peut s\u2019agir de la collecte et de la transmission de renseignements au gouvernement belge en exil ou de la prise en charge et de l\u2019exfiltration de personnes (escape and evasion). Moreover, ils re\u00e7oivent une formation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale ax\u00e9e sur les techniques de renseignement (principes et proc\u00e9dures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9), ainsi que sur la mani\u00e8re de rep\u00e9rer et de semer des poursuivants. La formation se d\u00e9roule de mani\u00e8re individuelle ; les candidats n\u2019ont aucun contact entre eux.<\/td><\/tr>
The action section<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td>
The action section<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td>
The action section<\/strong><\/span><\/h2><\/td><\/tr>
With any network that has to operate in secret, is a cover (of cover) extremely important. A cover-up ensures that the true nature of someone or something remains hidden from outsiders.<\/td> Each network that operates confidentially absolutely needs a cover. A cover allows to hide the true identity of an individual or the true nature of an object from outsiders.<\/td> Chaque r\u00e9seau qui op\u00e8re dans la confidentialit\u00e9 se doit \u00e0 tout prix de travailler sous couverture. Cette couverture permet de cacher aux non-initi\u00e9s la v\u00e9ritable identit\u00e9 d\u2019une personne ou la v\u00e9ritable nature d\u2019une chose.<\/td><\/tr>
Het personeel van SDRA VIII gebruikt de benaming \u2018sectie Actie\u2019 als dekmantel voor hun netwerk.<\/td> The SDRA VIII personnel uses the cover \u201c Action section\u201d to talk about their network.<\/td> Therefore, le personnel du SDRA VIII utilise l\u2019appellation \u00ab section Action \u00bb pour parler de leur r\u00e9seau.<\/td><\/tr>
Under the cover of a section charged with special assignments in case of conflict, they can perform their exercises and training without arousing suspicion. The training and exercises include:. from combat swimming, night parachute jumps and dropping personnel and equipment behind enemy lines. During the exercises they work closely with units of the Belgian Army, such as the Para-Commando regiment, and they can use the logistical support and know-how of Belgian units without being exposed. Even the staff of SGR does not know the true nature of this section.<\/td> Under the cover of a section that is responsible for special missions in case of conflict, they can carry out their exercises and training without arousing suspicion. The training consists of combat swim, night parachute jumps, and air drops of personnel and material behind enemy lines. During the exercises, they closely work with other units of the Belgian Army, for instance with the Para-Commando Regiment, and can use the logistical assistance and know-how of Belgian units without getting exposed. Even the SGR personnel ignore the true nature of this section.<\/td> Sous la couverture d\u2019une section charg\u00e9e d\u2019op\u00e9rations sp\u00e9ciales en cas de conflit, ils peuvent effectuer leurs exercices et entra\u00eenements sans \u00e9veiller de suspicions. Les entra\u00eenements consistent notamment en de la natation de combat, des parachutages nocturnes et le largage de personnel et de mat\u00e9riel derri\u00e8re les lignes ennemies. During exercises, ils travaillent en \u00e9troite collaboration avec d\u2019autres unit\u00e9s de l\u2019Arm\u00e9e belge, par exemple avec le R\u00e9giment Para-Commando, et peuvent utiliser le soutien et le savoir-faire logistiques d\u2019unit\u00e9s belges sans se faire d\u00e9masquer. M\u00eame le personnel du SGR ne conna\u00eet pas la vraie nature de cette section.<\/td><\/tr>
The training courses also take place internationally under the cover of an international exercise.<\/td> At international level, the training also takes place under the cover of an international exercise.<\/td> On an international scale, les entra\u00eenements se d\u00e9roulent \u00e9galement sous la couverture d\u2019un exercice international.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
$\"plongeurs\"$ <\/a><\/td> $\"parachute2\"$ <\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
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\u00a0 Previous page Back to exhibition’s homepage Next page SDRA VIII – STAY BEHIND Contents:1. Introduction2. Missions3. Recruiting4. Training5. The … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":0,"parent":37943,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-37723","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37723"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63083,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37723\/revisions\/63083"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37943"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.uclouvain.be\/digithemis\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}