Introduction to contemporary philosophy

Teacher(s)

Verdée Peter;

Language

French

Content

This course will present some themes in contemporary philosophy related to the concept of paradox. Starting from a certain number of principles that seem quite acceptable (intuitively acceptable or belonging to well-established theories), a paradox allows us to arrive at a counterintuitive or even logically contradictory conclusion. Many famous paradoxes have led philosophers and scientists to question their preconceptions and to devise new solutions.
The course will explore the very concept of paradox and will treat the following paradoxes in detail

• The paradox of the heap, and the paradoxes of vagueness
• The liar paradox and paradoxes of truth
• Paradoxes of set theory
• The paradoxes that problematize the principles of intensionality
• Paradoxes related to conditionals or logical implication
• Paradoxes related to knowledge and belief
• Paradoxes of infinity (the paradoxes of Cantor, Hilbert and Skolem)
• Paradoxes in decision theory and social choice theory (the paradox of Arrow and others)
• The paradoxes of time, space and time travel
• Paradoxes related to probability

We will also discuss the dialetheist strategy to resolve certain paradoxes, i.e. the idea of accepting the possibility of the existence of sentences that are true and false at the same time.

Teaching methods

This course will be co-taught with Pilar Terrés and Pierre Saint-Germier. The teachers present the paradoxes and the students try to propose solutions. Then, the teachers develop some solutions present in the literature. Part of the sessions will be taught in English, but it will still be possible to ask questions in French and to be evaluated in French.

Evaluation methods

A written assignment on one of the course topics followed by an individual oral defence of that assignment. It is possible to do the written work in group. The oral defence will take place in the exam period.

Bibliography

Chang, Mark, Paradoxes in Scientific Inference, CRC Press, 2013
Cook, Roy T., Paradoxes, Polity, 2013.
Delahaye, Jean-Paul, Logique, informatique et paradoxes, Belin, 1995
Delahaye, Jean-Paul, Au pays des paradoxes, Belin 2008
Quine, W.V., "Les voies du paradoxe" in Les voies du paradoxe et autres essais, Vrin, 2011.
Sainsbury, R. M., Paradoxes, Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Faculty or entity

SC