Hydraulic

Teacher(s)

Soares Frazao Sandra;

Language

French

Prerequisites

The prerequisite(s) for this Teaching Unit (Unité d’enseignement – UE) for the programmes/courses that offer this Teaching Unit are specified at the end of this sheet.

Main themes

• Hydrostatics and floats
• Flow models: perfect fluid, viscous fluid, turbulent fluid
• Headlosses: major and minor losses
• Hydrodynamic forces
• Flow over weirs (introduction)
• Design of water distribution systems

Content

1. Introduction. Hydraulics in Civil Engineering. Properties of liquids. Pressure.
2. Hydrostatics

• Differential equations and integrals, manometers, resulting pressure forces
• Theory of floats

3. Basic principles

• Fundamental equations, Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches
• Displacements, deformation and rotations

4. Flow models :

• Perfect fluid

             - Kinematics of irrotational flows: stream lines and velocity potential, application of complex variables, conformal mapping, applications to the flow around bridge piers in rivers, to weir flows and to hydrodynamic profiles
             - Dynamics: Euler equation, integral equations of Lagrange and Bernoulli

• Laminar flow

             - Constitutive equation for Newtonian fluid (Stokes assumptions) and Navier-Stokes equations
             - Steady laminar flow in pipes: parabolic velocity profile and discharge integral (Poiseuille)

• Turbulent flow

             - Turbulence : statistical approach, Reynolds analogy, Navier-Stokes-Reynolds-Boussinesq equations, velocity profile (smooth and rough boundaries)
             - Headlosses : eddy losses (Darcy, Moody-Nikuradse) and minor losses
5. Applications

• Liquid-sold interactions, hydrodynamic forces
• Orifices and weirs
• Pressurized flow in pipes and water distribution networks (steady flow) 

              - Simple pipes
              - Branched networks
              - Meshed networks (Hardy-Cross) and nodal methods (Newton-   Raphson)

Teaching methods

The activities are organised as follows:

• Lectures for the main theoretical topics
• Practical exercises on the different chapters; laboratory work (floats and pipes); small project work on the calculation of a water distribution network

Evaluation methods

Written test (25 % of the final mark) on the calculation of flow in pipes and networks
Oral exam (75 %) on the theoretical aspects, with a preparation on the blackboard

Online resources

Moodle website where different resources are made available : PowerPoint slides used for the lectures, partial lecture notes, exercises with solutions, other useful documents (practical information about the exercises, schedule of the activities, ...)

Bibliography

Notes de cours
Streeter, "Fluid mechanics"
Lencastre, "Hydraulique générale"
Liggett, "Fluid mechanics"

Faculty or entity

GC