Dynamique des véhicules
[MECA2215]
[30h + 30h] 5 credits
This course is taught in the 1st semester.
Teacher(s): Paul Fisette
Language: French
Level: Second
Aims
Main themes
For the two families of vehicles (road and railway):
- Historical survey of the technology ("dynamics-oriented")
- Description and analysis of the typical dynamical phenomena
- "Macro" modelling of vehicles: sprung and unsprung masses approach
- Specific models related to the wheel/road, wheel/rail contact
- Model-based illustration of typical dynamical behaviours and parameter sensitivity analysis
"Specific vehicle" dynamics (road vehicles : bicycle, motorcycle, truck and trailer ; railway vehicles: metro with combined wheel/rail and tire, Maglev) and/or particular situations (vehicles on uneven terrain or loose ground, tracked vehicles, )
Multiphysics modelling of vehicles: application to different cases, such as
- Pneumatic suspensions in railway vehicles,
- Hydraulic suspensions in cars,
- Semi-active suspensions in cars.
Vehicle dynamics : the "industrial" point of view (railway and road vehicles)
Content and teaching methods
1. Introduction : Fundamental concepts of kinematics, multibody dynamics, vibration and numerical methods in view of analysis of vehicle stability, handling and comfort
2. Railway vehicles - Technology : carbodies, bogies, primary and secondary suspensions, track, track irregularities, vehicle morphology (tramway, metro, high-speed trains, etc.), main concepts: load, Y/Q ratio, critical speeds,
3. Railway vehicles - "Macro" models: carbodies/bogies/wheelset/wheel/rail contact simplified model, simplified wheelset model (stability) and vertical model (comfort)
4. Railway vehicles - specific models: wheelset-track 3D model, independent wheel-rail model, wheel-flange second contact, curved track model, primary and secondary suspensions models, etc.
5. Railway vehicles - specific models: (cont.)
6. Railway vehicles - use and interpretation of models : model versus experiment, parameter sensitivity analyses, model-based understanding of the fundamental dynamical phenomena
7. Road vehicles - Technology: suspensions (classification), role of the tire, anti-roll bar system, etc., main concepts: struts, car roll centre, torsion bars, suspension typical motions,
8. Road vehicles - "Macro" models : sprung and unsprung masses, geometrical roll centre computation, Ackermann steering geometry,
9. Road vehicles - specific models : 3D kinematics of suspensions : McPherson strut, multi-link suspensions, etc., torsion and anti-roll systems, tire/ground modelling : description of the various models (lateral, longitudinal, vertical, combined) and model-based comparison ; flexible modelling of carbodies
10. Road vehicles - specific models: (cont.)
11. Road vehicles - use and interpretation of models : model versus experiment, parameter sensitivity analyses, model-based understanding of fundamental dynamical phenomena (understeering/oversteering, entry curving, steady state curving, comfort criteria with different road profile characteristics, .
12. Specific vehicles - Technology and Modelling : bicycles and motorcycles (stability, gyroscopic effects, wheel/ground contact models, ), and/or trucks and trailers (lateral stability, jacknifing), and/or tracked vehicles on loose and uneven terrains (geometrical models, constitutive models, )
13. Seminar on hybrid modelling: 2 detailed applications (problem - model - results - analysis): these seminars will be closely linked to the research of the CEREM (Centre for Research in Mechatronics of UCL)
14. "Industrial" Seminar: "Railway dynamics, the point of view of the industry" (Bombardier-Transport, France) or "Car suspensions" (Tenneco-Automotive, Saint-Trond, Belgium).
Exercises - Projects
- Pre-project : to become familiar with the modelling of wheel/ground and/or wheel/rail contact; duration = 3 weeks, software : ROBOTRAN.
- Project : modelling of railway or road vehicle behaviours, among the following (non exhaustive) list of subjects (duration = 8 weeks):
° Cars with and without anti-roll bar system : comparison of curve performances
° Over/under steering behaviour of a simple car: analysis in entry curving
° Modelling of the "jacknifing" phenomenon of a truck+trailer.
° Lateral stability of a sidecar or of an ATV
° Modelling of a car equipped with an ESP system - analysis of entry curving behaviour
° Optimization of passive suspension parameters to improve passenger comfort criteria
° Model-based computation of the critical speed of a railway bogie on a straight track (linear, non-linear cases)
° Railway : study and modelling of the second-contact (flange contact) - application to entry curving
° Modelling of railway bogies with independent wheels (ex. Tram2000): study of the behaviour on a straight track
° Modelling and analysis of the " wobble " and " weave " phenomena of a motorbike
° etc.
Students will work in groups of 2 or 3. They will either use the ROBOTRAN program or a commercial multibody program (SIMPACK or AMESIM), depending on the selected project. Training for using these programs will be organized at the beginning of the semester.
Visit to a company
- Bombardier-Transport Company : Crespin (France)
or
- Tenneco-Automotive Company, Saint-Trond, Belgique
Examination based on :
- project : a plenary session of group presentations will be organized
- oral examination (individual) related to the course and the project : students may have the course notes at their disposal.
Other information (prerequisite, evaluation (assessment methods), course materials recommended readings, ...)
- Evaluation : project defence and oral examination related to the course and the project
- Support : Notes (parts of the course) and slides - software user guide and tutorial