Exceptional in childhood. The prevalence increases with the duration of dialysis.

They are probably caused by prolonged hyperuricemia. These are small cysts (a few mm to cm) with epithelial hyperplasia of the proximal tubules and papillary proliferation.

Significant risk of tumoral degeneration (risk 3 to 6 times more important than the general population)

Anesthetic implications:

chronic renal failure; difficult vascular access.

References : 

-         Bonsib SM. 
The classification of renal cystic diseases and other congenital malformations of the kidney and urinary tract. 
Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010; 134:554-68.

-        Avni F. 
Renal cystic diseases in children : new concepts. 
Pediatr Radiol 2010; 40: 939-46.

Update: October 2018