Very rare. Unknown origin. 

Association of:

-         maxillofacial malformation: small mouth opening, synostosis of the temporo-mandibular joint, micrognathia, syngnathia; sometimes facial paralysis

-         choanal atresia

-         eye: microphthalmia, nystagmus, coloboma

-         vertebral or costal malformations (neck stiffness) 

-        epilepsy and mental retardation

-         nutritional problems: gavage or gastrostomy

-         short stature

Anesthetic implications: 

-         epilepsy, difficult intubation (fiberscope).

References : 

•    Verloes A, Raoul M, Genevieve D, Sznajer Y, Demarche M, Lombet J, Rigo V, Misson JP, Collignon L, Vanwijck F, Vanwijck R. 
  Bony syngnathia, vertebral segmentation defect, coloboma, microcephaly and mental retardation: confirmation of Dobrow syndrome and review of syndromal syngnathias. 
  Clin Dysmorphol 2004 ; 13 : 205-11.

Updated: August 2019