Down, syndrome de 

[MIM 190 265]

(Trisomie 21, mongolisme)

Prévalence estimée à 1/700 naissances ; elle augmente parallèlement avec lâge de la mère: de 1/1500 à 20 ans ; 1/100 à 40 ans). Aberration chromosomique caractérisée par la présence dun chromosome 21 surnuméraire (trisomie 21 libre) ou dont lun des chromosomes 21 comporte le contenu génétique de 2 chromosomes 21 (trisomie 21 par translocation).


Présentation clinique :



Implications anesthésiques


Références : 

-        Lo RN, Leeung MP, Lau KC, Yeung CY.
Abnormal radial artery in Downs syndrome.
Arch Dis Child 1986; 61: 885-90.

-        Mitchell V, Howard R, Facer E. 
Down's syndrome and anaesthesia. 
Paediatr Anaesth 1995; 5 :379-84.  

-        Roodman S, Bothwell M, Tobias JD.
Bradycardia with sevoflurane induction in patients with trisomy 21.
Pediatr Anesth 2003 ; 13 : 538-40

-   Borland LM, Colligan J, Brandom BW. 
Frequency of anesthesia-related complications in children with Down syndrome under general anesthesia for non-cardiac procedures. 
Pediatr Anesth 2004 ; 14 : 733-8.

-   Hata T, Todd MM. 
Cervical spine considerations when anesthetizing patients with Down syndrome.
Anesthesiology 2005; 102: 680-5.

-        Kraemer FW, Stricker PA, Gurnaney HG, McClung H, Meador MR, Sussman E, Burgess BJ, Ciampa B, Mendelsohn J, Rehman MA, Watcha MF. 
Bradycardia during induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane in children with Down syndrome. 
Anesth Analg 2010; 111: 1259-63.

-        Bai W, Voepel-Lewis T, Malviya S. 
Hemodynamic changes in children with Down syndrome during and following inhalation induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane. 
J Clin Anesth 2010; 22:592-7.

-        Feldman-Lewanda A, Matisoff A, Revenis M, Harashsheh A, Futterman C et al.
Preoperative evaluation and comprehensive risk assessment for children with Down syndrome.
Pediatr Anesth 2016; 26: 356-62. 

-        Walia H, Ruda J, Tobias JD.
Sevoflurane and bradycardia in infants with trisomy 21 : a case report and review of the literature.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016 ; 80 :5-7

-        Bertolizio G, Saint-Martin C, Ingelmo P.
Cervical instability in patients with Trisomy 21 : the eternal gamble.
Pediatr Anesth 2018 ; 28: 830-3

-        Clauss SB, Gidding SS, Cochrane CI, Walega R, Zemel BS et al.
Prevalence of unsuspected abnormal echocardiograms in adolescents with Down syndrome.
Am J Med Genet A 2019 ; 179 : 2420-4

-        Graber TJ, Baskin PL, Soria C, Greenberg M, Gabriel RA, Brzenski A.
An assessment of perioperative respiratory adverse events and difficult intubation in pediatric patients with Trisomy 21.
Pediatr Anesth 2021; 31:410-8.

-        Vogel E, Staffa S, DiNardo J.
Dosing of opioid medications during and after pediatric cardiac surgery for children with Down syndrome.
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36:195-9

-        Sinton JW, Cooper DS, Wiley S.
Down syndrome and the autonomic nervous system, an educational review for the anesthesiologist.
Pediatr Anesth 2022; 32: 609-16.

-        Smith A, Bussmann N, Breatnach C, Levy PT, Molloy E, Miletin J et al.
Relationship between postnatal pulmonary arterial pressure and altered diastolic function in neonates with Down syndrome.
J Pediatr 2022; 245:172-8.

-        Adler AC, Nguyen H-Y, Nathanson BH, Chandrakantan A.
Incidence of hypotension during sevoflurane induction in children with Down syndrome; a prospective observational study.
Pediatr Anesth 2023;33:259262.DOI: 10.1111/pan.14604 


Mise-à-jour mars 2023