MODULI
Section: File Formats (5)
BSD mandoc
NAME
moduli
- Diffie Hellman moduli
DESCRIPTION
The
/etc/ssh/moduli
file contains prime numbers and generators for use by
sshd(8)
in the Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange key exchange method.
New moduli may be generated with
ssh-keygen1
using a two-step process.
An initial
candidate generation
pass, using
ssh-keygen -G
calculates numbers that are likely to be useful.
A second
primality testing
pass, using
ssh-keygen -T
provides a high degree of assurance that the numbers are prime and are
safe for use in Diffie Hellman operations by
sshd(8).
This
format is used as the output from each pass.
The file consists of newline-separated records, one per modulus,
containing seven space separated fields.
These fields are as follows:
- timestamp
-
The time that the modulus was last processed as YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
- type
-
Decimal number specifying the internal structure of the prime modulus.
Supported types are:
- 0
-
Unknown, not tested
- 2
-
"Safe" prime; (p-1)/2 is also prime.
- 4
-
Sophie Germain; (p+1)*2 is also prime.
Moduli candidates initially produced by
ssh-keygen1
are Sophie Germain primes (type 4).
Futher primality testing with
ssh-keygen1
produces safe prime moduli (type 2) that are ready for use in
sshd(8).
Other types are not used by OpenSSH.
- tests
-
Decimal number indicating the type of primality tests that the number
has been subjected to represented as a bitmask of the following values:
- 0x00
-
Not tested
- 0x01
-
Composite number - not prime.
- 0x02
-
Sieve of Eratosthenes
- 0x04
-
Probabalistic Miller-Rabin primality tests.
The
ssh-keygen1
moduli candidate generation uses the Sieve of Eratosthenes (flag 0x02).
Subsequent
ssh-keygen1
primality tests are Miller-Rabin tests (flag 0x04).
- trials
-
Decimal number indicating of primaility trials that have been performed
on the modulus.
- size
-
Decimal number indicating the size of the prime in bits.
- generator
-
The recommended generator for use with this modulus (hexadecimal).
- modulus
-
The modulus itself in hexadecimal.
When performing Diffie Hellman Group Exchange,
sshd(8)
first estimates the size of the modulus required to produce enough
Diffie Hellman output to sufficiently key the selected symmetric cipher.
sshd(8)
then randomly selects a modulus from
Fa /etc/ssh/moduli
that best meets the size requirement.
SEE ALSO
ssh-keygen1,
sshd(8),
-
RFC 4419
"Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange for the Secure Shell (SSH) Transport Layer Protocol"
2006
Index
- NAME
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- SEE ALSO
-
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Time: 07:35:00 GMT, March 26, 2013