#include <stdio.h>
#include <wchar.h>
int fwscanf(FILE *restrict stream, const wchar_t *restrict
format, ... );
int swscanf(const wchar_t *restrict ws,
const wchar_t *restrict format, ... );
int wscanf(const wchar_t *restrict format, ... );
The fwscanf() function shall read from the named input stream. The wscanf() function shall read from the standard input stream stdin. The swscanf() function shall read from the wide-character string ws. Each function reads wide characters, interprets them according to a format, and stores the results in its arguments. Each expects, as arguments, a control wide-character string format described below, and a set of pointer arguments indicating where the converted input should be stored. The result is undefined if there are insufficient arguments for the format. If the format is exhausted while arguments remain, the excess arguments are evaluated but are otherwise ignored.
Conversions can be applied to the nth argument after the format in the argument list, rather than to the next unused argument. In this case, the conversion specifier wide character % (see below) is replaced by the sequence "%n$" , where n is a decimal integer in the range [1,{NL_ARGMAX}]. This feature provides for the definition of format wide-character strings that select arguments in an order appropriate to specific languages. In format wide-character strings containing the "%n$" form of conversion specifications, it is unspecified whether numbered arguments in the argument list can be referenced from the format wide-character string more than once.
The format can contain either form of a conversion specification-that is, % or "%n$"- but the two forms cannot normally be mixed within a single format wide-character string. The only exception to this is that %% or %* can be mixed with the "%n$" form. When numbered argument specifications are used, specifying the Nth argument requires that all the leading arguments, from the first to the ( N-1)th, are pointers.
The fwscanf() function in all its forms allows for detection of a language-dependent radix character in the input string, encoded as a wide-character value. The radix character is defined in the program's locale (category LC_NUMERIC ). In the POSIX locale, or in a locale where the radix character is not defined, the radix character shall default to a period ( '.' ).
The format is a wide-character string composed of zero or more directives. Each directive is composed of one of the following: one or more white-space wide characters ( <space>s, <tab>s, <newline>s, <vertical-tab>s, or <form-feed>s); an ordinary wide character (neither '%' nor a white-space character); or a conversion specification. Each conversion specification is introduced by a '%' or the sequence "%n$" after which the following appear in sequence:
The fwscanf() functions shall execute each directive of the format in turn. If a directive fails, as detailed below, the function shall return. Failures are described as input failures (due to the unavailability of input bytes) or matching failures (due to inappropriate input).
A directive composed of one or more white-space wide characters is executed by reading input until no more valid input can be read, or up to the first wide character which is not a white-space wide character, which remains unread.
A directive that is an ordinary wide character shall be executed as follows. The next wide character is read from the input and compared with the wide character that comprises the directive; if the comparison shows that they are not equivalent, the directive shall fail, and the differing and subsequent wide characters remain unread. Similarly, if end-of-file, an encoding error, or a read error prevents a wide character from being read, the directive shall fail.
A directive that is a conversion specification defines a set of matching input sequences, as described below for each conversion wide character. A conversion specification is executed in the following steps.
Input white-space wide characters (as specified by iswspace() ) shall be skipped, unless the conversion specification includes a [ , c , or n conversion specifier.
An item shall be read from the input, unless the conversion specification includes an n conversion specifier wide character. An input item is defined as the longest sequence of input wide characters, not exceeding any specified field width, which is an initial subsequence of a matching sequence. The first wide character, if any, after the input item shall remain unread. If the length of the input item is zero, the execution of the conversion specification shall fail; this condition is a matching failure, unless end-of-file, an encoding error, or a read error prevented input from the stream, in which case it is an input failure.
Except in the case of a % conversion specifier, the input item (or, in the case of a %n conversion specification, the count of input wide characters) shall be converted to a type appropriate to the conversion wide character. If the input item is not a matching sequence, the execution of the conversion specification shall fail; this condition is a matching failure. Unless assignment suppression was indicated by a '*' , the result of the conversion shall be placed in the object pointed to by the first argument following the format argument that has not already received a conversion result if the conversion specification is introduced by % , or in the nth argument if introduced by the wide-character sequence "%n$". If this object does not have an appropriate type, or if the result of the conversion cannot be represented in the space provided, the behavior is undefined.
The length modifiers and their meanings are:
Specifies that a following d , i , o , u , x , X , or n conversion specifier applies to an argument with type pointer to long long or unsigned long long.
If a length modifier appears with any conversion specifier other than as specified above, the behavior is undefined.
The following conversion specifier wide characters are valid:
Matches an optionally signed floating-point number, infinity, or NaN whose format is the same as expected for the subject sequence of wcstod(). In the absence of a size modifier, the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to float.
If the fwprintf() family of functions generates character string representations for infinity and NaN (a symbolic entity encoded in floating-point format) to support IEEE Std 754-1985, the fwscanf() family of functions shall recognize them as input.
Otherwise, the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to an array of wchar_t large enough to accept the sequence and the terminating null wide character, which shall be added automatically.
If an l (ell) qualifier is present, the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to an array of wchar_t large enough to accept the sequence and the terminating null wide character, which shall be added automatically.
The conversion specification includes all subsequent wide characters in the format string up to and including the matching right square bracket ( ']' ). The wide characters between the square brackets (the scanlist) comprise the scanset, unless the wide character after the left square bracket is a circumflex ( '^' ), in which case the scanset contains all wide characters that do not appear in the scanlist between the circumflex and the right square bracket. If the conversion specification begins with "[]" or "[^]" , the right square bracket is included in the scanlist and the next right square bracket is the matching right square bracket that ends the conversion specification; otherwise, the first right square bracket is the one that ends the conversion specification. If a '-' is in the scanlist and is not the first wide character, nor the second where the first wide character is a '^' , nor the last wide character, the behavior is implementation-defined.
If no l (ell) length modifier is present, characters from the input field shall be converted as if by repeated calls to the wcrtomb() function, with the conversion state described by an mbstate_t object initialized to zero before the first wide character is converted. The corresponding argument shall be a pointer to the initial element of a character array large enough to accept the sequence. No null character is added.
If an l (ell) length modifier is present, the corresponding argument shall be a pointer to the initial element of an array of wchar_t large enough to accept the sequence. No null wide character is added.
Otherwise, the application shall ensure that the corresponding argument is a pointer to an array of wchar_t large enough to accept the sequence. No null wide character is added.
If a conversion specification is invalid, the behavior is undefined.
The conversion specifiers A , E , F , G , and X are also valid and shall be equivalent to, respectively, a , e , f , g , and x .
If end-of-file is encountered during input, conversion is terminated. If end-of-file occurs before any wide characters matching the current conversion specification (except for %n ) have been read (other than leading white-space, where permitted), execution of the current conversion specification shall terminate with an input failure. Otherwise, unless execution of the current conversion specification is terminated with a matching failure, execution of the following conversion specification (if any) shall be terminated with an input failure.
Reaching the end of the string in swscanf() shall be equivalent to encountering end-of-file for fwscanf().
If conversion terminates on a conflicting input, the offending input shall be left unread in the input. Any trailing white space (including <newline>) shall be left unread unless matched by a conversion specification. The success of literal matches and suppressed assignments is only directly determinable via the %n conversion specification.
The fwscanf() and wscanf() functions may mark the st_atime field of the file associated with stream for update. The st_atime field shall be marked for update by the first successful execution of fgetc(), fgetwc(), fgets(), fgetws(), fread(), getc(), getwc(), getchar(), getwchar(), gets(), fscanf(), or fwscanf() using stream that returns data not supplied by a prior call to ungetc().
Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the number of successfully matched and assigned input items; this number can be zero in the event of an early matching failure. If the input ends before the first matching failure or conversion, EOF shall be returned. If a read error occurs, the error indicator for the stream is set, EOF shall be returned, and errno shall be set to indicate the error.
For the conditions under which the fwscanf() functions shall fail and may fail, refer to fgetwc() .
In addition, fwscanf() may fail if:
The following sections are informative.
The call:
int i, n; float x; char name[50]; n = wscanf(L"%d%f%s", &i, &x, name);
with the input line:
25 54.32E-1 Hamster
assigns to n the value 3, to i the value 25, to x the value 5.432, and name contains the string "Hamster" .
The call:
int i; float x; char name[50]; (void) wscanf(L"%2d%f%*d %[0123456789]", &i, &x, name);
with input:
56789 0123 56a72
assigns 56 to i, 789.0 to x, skips 0123, and places the string "56\0" in name. The next call to getchar() shall return the character 'a' .
In format strings containing the '%' form of conversion specifications, each argument in the argument list is used exactly once.
getwc() , fwprintf() , setlocale() , wcstod() , wcstol() , wcstoul() , wcrtomb() , the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Chapter 7, Locale, <langinfo.h>, <stdio.h>, <wchar.h>