#include <math.h>
double expm1(double x);
float expm1f(float x);
long double expm1l(long double x);
These functions shall compute e**x-1.0.
An application wishing to check for error situations should set errno to zero and call feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT) before calling these functions. On return, if errno is non-zero or fetestexcept(FE_INVALID | FE_DIVBYZERO | FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error has occurred.
Upon successful completion, these functions return e**x-1.0.
If the correct value would cause overflow, a range error shall occur and expm1(), expm1f(), and expm1l() shall return the value of the macro HUGE_VAL, HUGE_VALF, and HUGE_VALL, respectively.
If x is NaN, a NaN shall be returned.
If x is ±0, ±0 shall be returned.
If x is -Inf, -1 shall be returned.
If x is +Inf, x shall be returned.
If x is subnormal, a range error may occur and x should be returned.
These functions shall fail if:
If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) is non-zero, then errno shall be set to [ERANGE]. If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then the overflow floating-point exception shall be raised.
These functions may fail if:
If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) is non-zero, then errno shall be set to [ERANGE]. If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then the underflow floating-point exception shall be raised.
The following sections are informative.
The value of expm1(x) may be more accurate than exp(x)-1.0 for small values of x.
The expm1() and log1p() functions are useful for financial calculations of ((1+x)**n-1)/x, namely:
expm1(n * log1p(x))/x
when x is very small (for example, when calculating small daily interest rates). These functions also simplify writing accurate inverse hyperbolic functions.
For IEEE Std 754-1985 double, 709.8 < x implies expm1( x) has overflowed.
On error, the expressions (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) and (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) are independent of each other, but at least one of them must be non-zero.
exp() , feclearexcept() , fetestexcept() , ilogb() , log1p() , the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 4.18, Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions, <math.h>