#include <libgen.h> char *dirname(char *path); char *basename(char *path);
The functions dirname() and basename() break a null-terminated pathname string into directory and filename components. In the usual case, dirname() returns the string up to, but not including, the final '/', and basename() returns the component following the final '/'. Trailing '/' characters are not counted as part of the pathname.
If path does not contain a slash, dirname() returns the string "." while basename() returns a copy of path. If path is the string "/", then both dirname() and basename() return the string "/". If path is a NULL pointer or points to an empty string, then both dirname() and basename() return the string ".".
Concatenating the string returned by dirname(), a "/", and the string returned by basename() yields a complete pathname.
Both dirname() and basename() may modify the contents of path, so it may be desirable to pass a copy when calling one of these functions.
These functions may return pointers to statically allocated memory which may be overwritten by subsequent calls. Alternatively, they may return a pointer to some part of path, so that the string referred to by path should not be modified or freed until the pointer returned by the function is no longer required.
The following list of examples (taken from SUSv2) shows the strings returned by dirname() and basename() for different paths:
path dirname basename "/usr/lib" "/usr" "lib" "/usr/" "/" "usr" "usr" "." "usr" "/" "/" "/" "." "." "." ".." "." ".."
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <string.h>
The GNU version never modifies its argument, and returns the
empty string when
path
has a trailing slash, and in particular also when it is "/".
There is no GNU version of
dirname().
With glibc, one gets the POSIX version of basename() when <libgen.h> is included, and the GNU version otherwise.
char *dirc, *basec, *bname, *dname;
char *path = "/etc/passwd";
dirc = strdup(path);
basec = strdup(path);
dname = dirname(dirc);
bname = basename(basec);
printf("dirname=%s, basename=%s\n", dname, bname);